1.2 Carbohydrates - monosaccharides Flashcards
1
Q
What is the basic monomer in a carbohydrate?
A
A saccharide.
2
Q
What is a single monomer called?
A
A monosaccharide.
3
Q
What is a pair of monosaccharides called?
A
A disaccharide.
4
Q
What is a large group of monosaccharides called?
A
A polysaccharide.
5
Q
What is the general formula of a monosaccharide?
A
(CH2O)n
6
Q
What are examples of monosaccharides?
A
- glucose
- galactose
- fructose
7
Q
What is reduction?
A
A chemical reaction involving the gain of electrons or hydrogen.
8
Q
What is a reducing sugar?
A
A sugar that can donate electrons to (or reduce) another chemical.
9
Q
What is the test for reducing sugars?
A
- Add 2cm cubed of the food sample to be tested to a test tube. If the sample is not already in liquid form, first grind it up in water.
- Add an equal volume of Benedict’s reagent.
- Heat the mixture in a gently boiling water bath for five minutes.
- If a reducing sugar is present, the solution will turn orange-brown.
10
Q
What are some examples of monosaccharides joining in pairs to form disaccharides?
A
- Glucose joined to glucose forms maltose.
- Glucose joined to fructose forms sucrose.
- Glucose joined to galactose forms lactose.
11
Q
What is the bond that is formed from a condensation reaction?
A
A glycosidic bond.
