1.2 carbohydrates Flashcards
What elements are all carbohydrates made from?
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What are 3 examples of hexose monosaccharides?
glucose, fructose and galactose
they all have the molecular formula C6H12O6
What are 3 examples of disaccharides?
sucrose, lactose, maltose
they all have the molecular formula C12H22O11
What are the features of monosaccharides?
They are small, soluble and sweet
They are used as an energy store in respiration
In what form are carbohydrates transported in the blood?
As monosaccharides
Why are glucose molecules soluble in water?
As they are polar so hydrogen bonds can form in between the hydroxyl group and the water molecule
What are the two isomers of glucose?
alpha and beta
What is the rule for remembering alpha vs beta
Alpha below beta above
What type of sugar is glucose?
Hexose sugar
How can glucose be described.
Hydrophillic
What is an example of a pentose sugar?
Ribose
What is a disachharide?
Two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond by a condensation reaction
What makes up sucrose?
glucose and fructose
What makes up lactose?
glucose and galactose
What are the three examples of polysaccharides?
starch, glycogen and cellulose