Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Behavioral Med I > 12 - Brain Tumors > Flashcards

12 - Brain Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

How common are brain tumors?

A
  • 20,000 brain/spinal cord tumors/yr

- 1.3 % of all cancers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of primary cancers that commonly lead to a large majority of brain mets?

*** KNOW THIS **

A
  • Melanoma
  • Lung
  • Breast
  • Colon
  • Kidney (these like to go to the brain - you see this on the boards)

** KNOW THIS **

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Are the large majority of brain cancers primary or mets?

A

Large majority are METS***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe primary brain tumors

A
  • There are cancerous primary brain tumors and non-cancerous
  • Cancerous are invasive and aggressive
  • While “benign” brain tumors lack those qualities, they can also be life threatening due to limited space in the brain
  • Both can lead to bleed, stroke or seizures, etc.

*** Even though it is better to have a benign than a cancerous, both are bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the chances of a primary brain tumors leaving the brain?

A

They RARELY leave the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the risks for developing primary brain tumor?

A

These are rare

  • Gene mutations
  • MEN 1 (pituitary)
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • Retinoblastoma (malignant retinal glioma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe environmental contributions to brain cancer?

A

Vinyl Chloride – used in mfg of chloride (and is present in tobacco smoke). People who work in the plants or live near-by have an increased risk. Pretty accepted risk factor although accounts for small number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Does being married to someone with brain cancer increase your risk?

A

Environmental

NO

Spouses had no increased risk. First degree relatives had 2-3 times the risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the risk of brain cancer associated with smoking

A

No association of brain cancer to maternal smoking or exposure to smoke as a child

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the risk of cancer in patients who have had chicken pox

A

Patients with Primary Brain Cancer had medical records reviewed. Having a first degree relative with brain cancer increased risk. Having Chicken Pox or Shingles in history DECREASED risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the risk of brain cancer in cell phone use

A
  • Cell phone use – emit low level radiation.

- Recent studies showing risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the signs and symptoms of brain tumors in the pituitary

A
  • Behavioral changes
  • Sexual issues
  • BP chages
  • Na changes

KNOW THIS ONE ***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe an astrocytoma

A
  • Originates in astrocytes (brain glue)
  • Number one type of brain cancer in kids
  • This type as an adult can become undifferentiated (along with other cells like spongioblasts) and is called Glioblastoma Multiform which is the most common type in adults.
  • Glioblastomas aka glios or GBM
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the four types of astrocytomas and the WHO grades for each type?

A
  • Plocytic astrocytoms (WHO = I)
  • Diffuse astrocytoma (WHO = II)
  • Anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO = III)
  • Glioblastoma (WHO = IV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate for each type of astrocytoma?

A
  • Plocytic astrocytoms (77.4%)
  • Diffuse astrocytoma (30.4%)
  • Anaplastic astrocytoma (21.9%)
  • Glioblastoma (2.4%) ***** (this is the bad kind)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is a glioblastoma (“glio”) treated?

A
  • Surgery
  • Radiation (Gamma knife, Cyber knife)
  • Chemo

We use everything that we have!

Increasing life span by months is considered successful - there is NO cure

17
Q

Describe a medulloblastoma

A

Medulloblastoma

  • 2nd most common brain cancer in kids
  • Tumor originates in the 4th ventricle from primitive neural cells
18
Q

Describe a menigioma

A

Meningiomas

  • Slow growing
  • 75% are asymptomatic
  • These can grow and have compression issues
  • It is the 2nd most common type of brain tumor (that causes symptoms)
  • There is a 70% survival after 5 years
  • Treatment is surgery with or without radiation
19
Q

Describe a piruitary adenoma

A
  • 3rd most common adult type that causes issues
  • Most common problem is hormone disruption (sex hormones are the most sensitive, then give thyroid and growth hormone)
  • Can also have problems with headaches or visual changes
  • Treatment is surgical removal

This is a pretty easy to remove and is curative - this is the one you want to have *****

20
Q

What are the other types of brain tumors?

A
  • Acoustic Neuroma – Vestibularcochlear Nerve
  • Lymphoma – common in HIV (very bad deal, you don’t want this)
  • Schwannoma – myelin sheath

Neuro Behavioral Med I (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions