1.2) Bonding, Structure and Properties of Matter - EXAM QUESTIONS

Question 1

Name the type of bonding in compounds formed between metals and non-metals.

Answer 1

ionic bonding

Question 2

Describe the structure and bonding of diamond.

Answer 2

• giant structure
• covalent (bonds)
• four bonds per carbon / atom

Question 3

Explain why diamond has a very high melting point

Answer 3

• (covalent) bonds are strong
• (and many covalent) bonds must be broken
• (so) a lot of energy is required

Question 4

Answer 4

sodium ions and hydroxide ions
are left (in solution)

(because) hydrogen ions are
discharged / reduced (at the
negative electrode to form
hydrogen)

(and because) chloride ions are
discharged / oxidised (at the
positive electrode to form
chlorine)

Question 5

Answer 5

General principle
* pH depends on H+ ion concentration
* the higher the concentration of H+ ions the lower the pH

Strength
* the stronger an acid the greater the ionisation / dissociation (in
aqueous solution)
* (so) the stronger the acid the lower the pH

Concentration
* the higher the concentration of an acid the more acid / solute in
the same volume (of solution)
* (so) the higher the concentration of the acid the lower the pH

Question 6

Give one advantage of using nanoparticles in sun creams.

Answer 6

• nanoparticles provide better coverage
• nanoparticles give more protection from the Sun’s ultraviolet rays

Question 7

Answer 7

• The atoms are different sizes. [1]
• Therefore there are no layers to slide over each other. [1]

Question 8

Explain how a covalent bond holds two atoms together.

Answer 8

• There is an electrostatic force of attraction between a shared pair of negatively charged electrons [1] and two positively charged nuclei. [1]

Question 9

Explain, in terms of its structure, why graphite can be used as a lubricant.

Answer 9

The carbon atoms in graphite are arranged in layers. [1]
There are only weak intermolecular forces between the layers. [1]
The layers can slide over each other. [1]