12 Basic Principles of Area Nav

Question 1

What is Area Nav

Answer 1

Area Navigation is defined as a means of navigation along any path, using station referenced navigation signals or a self-contained navigation system.

Question 2

RNAV horizontal navigation may be based on:

Answer 2

• GNSS
• IRS

Area
* DME/DME (Most accruate)
* VOR/DME
* VOR/VOR (Least Accuracte)

Question 3

IRS and Vertical Nav?

Answer 3

• IRS is the only self-contained navigational system.
• Vertical navigation may be based on barometric altimetry, which may be processed through an air data computer.

Question 4

Modern nav data bases?

Answer 4

Modern, advanced Flight Management Systems (FMS) and GNSS receivers contain a Navigation Database (ND), containing data relevant to navigation, and updated every 28 days, in line with the AIRAC cycle.

Uses WGS-84 Geodetic ref system, indicates failure or degradation.

Question 5

Advanced RNAV / RNP?

Answer 5

Advanced RNAV/RNP equipment permits aircraft to fly off-airways on ATS routes, navigating between waypoints.

Question 6

RNAV has three principal benefits:

Answer 6

• Shorter routes.
• Pre-programmed arrival and departure paths to expedite traffic flow.
• Instrument approaches at airports, which have no landing aids.

Question 7

LNAV

Answer 7

Lateral 2D Nav using waypoints defined as lat and long on the GNSS WGS84 standard.

Question 8

2d, 3d, 4d naviagtion.

Answer 8

2d Lateral
3d Lateral, vertical
4d Laterial, vertical and time (Outputs include, GS and TAS, True wind and track errors)

Question 9

RNP -5

Answer 9

Previously basic RNAV (B-RNAV)

Aircraft must be within +/-5nm of intended posotion 95% of the flying time. Not a probability.

Question 10

RNP 1

Answer 10

Previously Precision RNAV (P-RNAV)

Aircraft must be within +/-1nm of intended posotion 95% of the flying time. Not a probability.