1.2 - Basic Ideas About Atoms Flashcards

1
Q

(a)

Atomic structure

A

**Proton: ** relative mass -1, relative charge - +1
Neutron: relative mass -1, relative charge- 0
**Electron: **relative mass-
negligible, relative charge -1

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2
Q

(a)

Atomic number

A

number of protons

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3
Q

(a)

Mass number

A

sum of protons and neutrons

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4
Q

(a)

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons. These are called isotopes.

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5
Q

(a)

Alpha (α) particles

A

positively charged helium nuclei, mass of four units, stopped by a piece of paper, strongly ionising

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6
Q

(a)

Beta (β) particles

A

Negatively charged electrons, negligible mass, stopped by 0.5 cm of aluminium

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7
Q

(a)

Gamma (γ) radiation

A

very high energy electromagnetic
radiation, > 2cm of lead required to stop it, weakly ionising.

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8
Q

(a)

Alpha decay (α)

A
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9
Q

(a)

Beta decay (β)

A
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10
Q

(a)

Positron emission (β+
decay)

A
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11
Q

(a)

Electron capture (inverse β decay)

A
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12
Q

(b)

behaviour of α-radiation in electric and magnetic field and relative penetrating power

A

α-particles are positive, heavy and slow moving and are attracted slightly to the negative plate
of an electric field.

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13
Q

(b)

behaviour of β-radiation in electric and magnetic field and relative penetrating power

A

β-particles are light and fast moving and show considerable deviation towards the positive plate of an electric field.

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14
Q

(b)

behaviour of γ-radiation in electric and magnetic field and relative penetrating power

A

γ-radiation is electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength and is unaffected by an electric
field.

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