1.2 b Bonding relating to properties

Question 1

Why do elements take part in reactions?

Answer 1

To achieve a full outer shell

To achieve a stable electron arrangement

To achieve a noble gas electron arrangement

Question 2

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 2

A shared pair of electrons

Question 3

What type of elements form covalent bonds?

( LO : 18 )

Answer 3

Noin - metal elements

Question 4

What holds the atoms together when they form covalent bonds?

( LO : 17 )

Answer 4

The common (electrostatic) attraction the nuclei have for the shared pair of electrons.

Question 5

How do non-metal atoms achieve a full outer shell when they react with one another?

Answer 5

They share unpaired electrons

Question 6

Why do elements take part in reactions?

( L.O.19)

Answer 6

To achieve a full outer shell and achieve a noble gas electron arrangement.

Question 7

How do non-metal atoms achieve a full outer shell when they react with one another?

( L.O.19)

Answer 7

They share unpaired electrons

Question 8

What are the 7 elements that exist as diatomic molecules?

( L.O. 20)

Answer 8

Question 9

What is meant by a diatomic molecule?

( L.O. 20)

Answer 9

A molecule made up of 2 atoms

Question 10

What 4 shapes of molecules must we know?

( L.O 21)

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the properties of covalent molecular substances?

( L.O. 24)

Answer 11

Question 12

Why do covalent molecular substances have low melting and boiling points?

( L.O. 24)

Answer 12

Question 13

Why do covalent network substances have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the properties of covalent network substances?

Answer 14

Question 15

What is a molecule?

Question 16

Are covalent molecular substances soluble in any other liquids?

Answer 16

Yes. Hexane for example

Question 17

What is an ion?

Answer 17

An atom which has lost or gained electron(s)

Question 18

What kind of elements take part in ionic bonding?

Answer 18

Metals reacting with non-metals

Question 19

Why do metals lose electrons to form positive ions?

Answer 19

To obtain a full outer shell

Question 20

How many electrons do metals lose to form ions?

Answer 20

The number of valence electrons that they have.

e.g Na loses 1

Mg loses 2

Question 21

What charge do metal ions have when they lose electrons?

Answer 21

They take on the corresponding positive charge as the number of electrons they lose.

e.g Mg loses 2 electrons to become Mg²⁺

Question 22

Why do non-metals form negative ions?

Answer 22

They gain electrons (-1 charge) to complete their outer shell.

Question 23

Why is water a “polar” molecule?

Answer 23

Question 24

Why are many ionic compounds soluble in water?

Answer 24

Question 25

Why do ionic substances conduct in solution but not in solid state?

Answer 25

The ions are free to move in solution but are trapped in the lattice in the solid

Question 26

Why do ionic compunds have high melting points?

Answer 26

Question 27

Do ionic substances conduct in ## Footnote 1. Solid state 2. Solution 3. Liquid state

Answer 27

1. No 2. Yes 3. Yes

Question 28

Recognising an ionic lattice ( LO 32)

Answer 28

Question 29

What is meant by a lattice?

Answer 29

A regular, repeating, 3-D structure.

Question 30

What is electrolysis?

Answer 30

The breaking apart of an ionic substance using electricity

Question 31

What type of current is used in electrolysis and why?

Answer 31

DC current To ensure separate products form at each electrode

Question 32

What happens at the negative electrode during electrolysis?

Answer 32

Reduction of metal ions into metal atoms. *Reduction is gain of electrons*

Question 33

What happens at the positive electrode during electrolysis?

Answer 33

Oxidation Negative ions lose electrons to form atoms (usually as molecules)

Question 34

Do ionic compounds have low or high melting points? (LO 33)

Answer 34

High

Question 35

Why are many ionic compounds soluble in water? ( LO 34 )

Answer 35

Polar water molecules are able to attract the ions and break the lattice

Question 36

What is the conductivity of ionic substances? ( LO 35)

Answer 36