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Chemistry Year 13 > 1.2- Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table > Flashcards

1.2- Atomic Structure and The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the smallest unit of an element?

A

An atom.

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2
Q

True or False: Atoms are indivisible.

A

False.

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3
Q

What are the three main subatomic particles?

A

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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4
Q

Where are protons located in an atom?

A

In the nucleus.

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5
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Negative.

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6
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1 atomic mass unit (amu).

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7
Q

Fill in the blank: The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of ________ in its nucleus.

A

Protons.

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8
Q

What is the mass number of an atom?

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

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9
Q

True or False: Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

A

True.

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10
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive.

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11
Q

What is the electron configuration of a neutral oxygen atom?

A

1s² 2s² 2p⁴.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom contains ________ and ________.

A

Protons; neutrons.

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13
Q

What does the term ‘valence electrons’ refer to?

A

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

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14
Q

What is the significance of valence electrons?

A

They determine the chemical properties and reactivity of an element.

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15
Q

Which subatomic particle has a negligible mass?

A

Electron.

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16
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or molecule that has a net electrical charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

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17
Q

True or False: Cations are positively charged ions.

A

True.

18
Q

What is the electron configuration for sodium (Na)?

A

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.

19
Q

Fill in the blank: The maximum number of electrons in the first shell of an atom is ________.

A

2.

20
Q

What is the principal quantum number?

A

It indicates the energy level of an electron in an atom.

21
Q

What is meant by ‘excited state’ of an atom?

A

When an electron absorbs energy and moves to a higher energy level.

22
Q

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

A

No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

23
Q

What does the term ‘orbital’ refer to?

A

A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding an electron.

24
Q

What is the shape of an s orbital?

A

Spherical.

25
Q

Fill in the blank: The shape of a p orbital is ________.

A

Dumbbell-shaped.

26
Q

What is the Aufbau principle?

A

Electrons occupy the lowest energy orbitals first.

27
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy a single p orbital?

A

2.

28
Q

True or False: The d subshell can hold a maximum of 10 electrons.

A

True.

29
Q

What is the formula to calculate the maximum number of electrons in a shell?

A

2n², where n is the principal quantum number.

30
Q

What does the term ‘electronegativity’ refer to?

A

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.

31
Q

What is the trend of electronegativity in the periodic table?

A

It increases across a period and decreases down a group.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The elements in Group 1 of the periodic table are known as ________ metals.

A

Alkali.

33
Q

What is the general trend of atomic radius in the periodic table?

A

It decreases across a period and increases down a group.

34
Q

What is ionization energy?

A

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.

35
Q

True or False: Ionization energy generally increases down a group.

A

False.

36
Q

What is the relationship between atomic structure and chemical reactivity?

A

The arrangement of electrons, particularly valence electrons, determines how an element reacts chemically.

37
Q

What defines a noble gas in terms of atomic structure?

A

Noble gases have a full outer shell of electrons, making them mostly unreactive.

38
Q

What is the significance of the quantum mechanical model of the atom?

A

It describes the behavior of electrons in atoms using probabilities rather than fixed orbits.

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The study of the arrangement of electrons in an atom is known as ________.

A

Electron configuration.

40
Q

What is the role of neutrons in the nucleus?

A

They provide stability to the nucleus and help to offset the repulsive forces between protons.

Chemistry Year 13 (10 decks)

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