1.2 Anatomy and Develop of Hypothal Pit and Pineal

Question 1

What week does the forebrain divide into 2 parts? what parts?

Answer 1

5th week, Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Question 2

What 4 parts does the Diencephalon divide into?

Answer 2

Thalamus, subthalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Question 3

What area of the diencephalon gives rise to the hypothalamus?

Answer 3

Neuroblasts from the intermediate zone of the diencephalic (lateral) walls of the 3rd ventricle.

Question 4

What is the tuber cinereum exposed to?

Answer 4

the subarachnoid space

Question 5

what is the median eminence surrounded by?

Answer 5

The circle of willis

Question 6

What is the floor of the optic recess of the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 6

the optic chiasm

Question 7

The lateral and median saggittal zones of the hypothal are named so in relation to what structure?

Answer 7

lateral and medial to the fornix.

Question 8

Medial Preoptic nucleus (preoptic region)

Answer 8

Regulates release of gonadotropic hormones from anterior pituitary.

Question 9

Lateral Preoptic Nucleus (preoptic region)

Answer 9

Sleep, Damage/lesion leads to insomnia

Question 10

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (supraoptic/Anterior region)

Answer 10

Circadian rhythm, connected to reticular formation & corpus striatum. Direct input from retina.

Question 11

Anterior hypothalamic Nucleus (supraoptic)

Answer 11

Temperture regulation, stimulates parasympathetic NS. Lesion/Damage will cause hyperthermia.

Question 12

Paraventricular Nucleus (supraoptic)

Answer 12

Connected to post pitvia neural tracts. Neurosecretory neurons: Synthesize & secrete oxytocin. Contraction of uterine & mammary smooth m - Parturition & milk ejection

Question 13

Supraoptic nuc (supraoptic)

Answer 13

Connected to posterior pituitary via neural tracts. Neurosecretory neurons: Synthesize & secrete ADH/vasopressin to Increase reabsorption of water in kidney->decrease production of urine. Lesion causes diabetes insipidus.

Question 14

Dorsomedial nuc (Tuberal region)

Answer 14

Fight or Flight

Question 15

Ventromedial Nucleus (tuberal region)

Answer 15

Satiety center. Inhibits urge to eat. Damage or destruction can cause hyperphagia, obesity, rage

Question 16

Arcuate (Infundibular) Nucleus (tuberal region)

Answer 16

Within tuber cinereum/median eminence. Hypothalamic releasing factors. Contains dopaminergic neurons.

Question 17

Lateral Tuberal Nuclei (tuberal region)

Answer 17

doesnt do much… :)

Question 18

Tuberomammillary Nucleus (tuberal region)

Answer 18

Source of histamineric fibers project to cerebral cortex and thalamus. Participate in sleep-wake cycle.

Question 19

Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus (tuberal region)

Answer 19

Hunger/feeding center. Induces eating. Leasion here causes starvation & emaciation. Within anterior, tuberal, & posterior regions

Question 20

Posterior hypothalamic nuc (mamillary (posterior)region)

Answer 20

Thermal regulation-produce and conserve heat. Stimulates sympathetic NS. Lesion leads to inability to thermoregulate.

Question 21

Mamillary body (mamillary (posterior)region)

Answer 21

Memory. Input from hippocampal formation, dorsal & ventral tegmental nuclei, & raphe nuclei.

Question 22

What does the posterior pit arise off?

Answer 22

Bud from floor of diencephalon, grows downward, attachment is infundibular stalk and have large secretory neurons called Pars nervosa.

Question 23

Where are hormones of the posterior pit stored and released into?

Answer 23

Stored in Herring bodies in the axons of pars nervosa and released into inferior hypophyseal a.

Question 24

Where does the anterior pit arise from?

Answer 24

From ectoderm of developing oral cavity. Hypophyseal diverticulum-Projects from roof of stomodeum (primordial oral cavity). Stalk regresses. Forms hypophyseal (Rathke) pouch. Anterior wall thickens, reducing pouch’s lumen to small fissure. Specialized glandular epithelium

Question 25

What are the three parts of the ant pit?

Answer 25

Pars Tuberalis, Pars Intermedia, (75%)Pars Distalis

Question 26

What are the 2 types of cells of the pineal gland and what does the pineal gland release?

Answer 26

Produce melatonin: Diurnal rhythm related to light & darkness. Jet lag can affect melatonin secretion.