12 1970s-early 1990s

Question 1

Shifting approach - deeds not needs: increased use of custody - very different from?

Answer 1

1969 Children and Young Persons Act

Question 2

Shifting approach - deeds not needs:

1980s= tough on crime:

Answer 2

Short sharp shock
Boot camps
Hard work
Constructive activities 
Discipline 
Respect for authority

Question 3

Shifting approach - deeds not needs: but also including use of diversion - bifurcation which is…

Answer 3

Long sentences for serious crimes, short for less serious

Question 4

Shifting approach - deeds not needs: increased criticism of welfare model (3):

Answer 4

Loss of faith in social work ability to rehabilitate

Social workers discretion = ‘arbitrary power’, young persons not subject to justice (due process)

Net widening - youth ‘justice’ expanded its reach too far

Question 5

1990s: demonisation of youth

Emergence of…

Answer 5

Joyrider

Persistent young offender

Question 6

1990s: demonisation of youth

Jamie Bulger:

Answer 6

1993

Question 7

1990s: demonisation of youth

Michael Howard (Downes, Morgan) emphasised:

Answer 7

‘Prison works’ and increased punitiveness