12-18 Flashcards
What is epidemiology?
population medicine
What are epidemiologists concerned with?
course of disease in a population
What can data collected by epidemiologists be used for?
to prevent disease outbreaks or determine effectiveness of prevention efforts
Morbidity
rate at which illness occurs within a population
Mortality
death rate
Incidence
number of new health-related events or cases of a disease in a population exposed to that risk during a particular period of time, divided by total # in same population
Prevalence
number of new and old cases in a given period of time, divided by total # in that population
Acute
3 months or less
Chronic
3 months or longer
Incidence and Prevalence rates are expressed as….
crude or specific
Descritptive Epidemiological Study
respect to person, place and time
Analytical Epidemiological Study
aimed at testing hypothesis, relationship between variables
Define the Who of Descriptive Studies
case count followed by who is ill (man, woman, child, etc)
Define the When of Descriptive Studies
time of onset for each case, epidemic curve created
Define the Where of Desciptive Studies
determine residential address and travel history
Epidemic Curve
Graphic display of the cases of disease according to the time or date of onset of symptoms
What are the levels of prevention
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
Primary Prevention
before onset of illness or injury during pre-pathogenesis period
Secondary Prevention
early diagnosis and prompt treatment before disease becomes advanced
Tertiary Prevention
at rehab following significant pathogenesis
Retrain, Reeducation, rehabilitate
What are the community organizing methods
locality development, social planning and social action
What is locality development
based on concept of broad self help participation from comm., process oriented, organizer is an enabler and comm. are drivers of intervention
What is social planning
based on staff developed measures, task oriented, organizer has tech role and comm is consumer
What is social action
disadvantaged goups voice concern and elicit help of those not affected, task and process oriented, organizer serves as advocate, comm is disadvantaged group
What is the primary limitation to the community organizing methods
they are problem based and organization center
What steps are required in community organizing
recognizing issue, gaining entry, organizing the people, assessing the community, determining priorites and setting goals, arriving at a solution and selecting intervention strategies, implement plan, evaluating outcomes of plan, maintaining outcomes in comm., looping back
What happens during the social assessment part of the precede proceed model
identify needs of community and potential assests that can address them and obtain indicatiors of QOL
What happens during Epidemiological Assessment in Precede Proceed
identify specific health goals or problems that may interact with problems ided in social assessment, looks at indicators such as disablilty, morbidity, fertility
Educational and Ecological Assessment
Seek to identify potential causal agents of health and social
factors. predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling
Administrative and Policy Assessment
Addresses what program components and interventions are
needed to affect the changes specified in previous phases
and ultimately select an intervention
