1.2

Question 1

Characteristics of the crust

Answer 1

22C, solid, 6-10km thick, brittle.

Question 2

Characteristics of the upper mantle

Answer 2

1400-3000C, solid/molten. Upper = solid crust, Lower = flows akin to toothpaste.

Question 3

Characteristics of the lower mantle

Answer 3

3000C, solid, hot enough to be a liquid but solid because of the pressure pushing down on it.

Question 4

Characteristics of the outer core

Answer 4

4000-6000C, mostly liquid, movement of metals causes magnetic field.

Question 5

Characteristics of inner core

Answer 5

5000-6000C, solid, metal ball 2500km wide, solid due to pressure.

Question 6

Convergent plate boundaries

Answer 6

Plates pushing together.
Continental/continental = mountains
Continental/oceanic = oceanic sub-ducted under less dense continental, volcanic mountains.
Oceanic/oceanic = volcanic mountains.

Question 7

Divergent plate boundaries

Answer 7

Plates pull apart.
Oceanic/oceanic = seafloor spreading.
Continental/continental = rift valleys.

Question 8

Transform plate boudaries

Answer 8

Plates slide horizontally past each other.

Question 9

Evidence of plate tectonic movement

Answer 9

Jigsaw coastlines, matching rock types and geological, matching fossils.

Question 10

Palaeomagnetism and seafloor spreading

Answer 10

Youngest ocean floor where spreading is, ocean floor is highest and volcanoes found.
Magnetic field isn’t stationary, shifts in magnetic field captured in magnetic minerals in the crust.

Question 11

Benioff Zone

Answer 11

An area of intermediate and deep earthquakes in the subduction zone, usually magnitude 7+. Larger earthquakes usually oceanic/continental.

Question 12

Mantle convection

Answer 12

Driven by slab pull (gravity), sinking at subduction zone creates extension of the plate elsewhere, thinning the plate. This allows for a positive upwelling of mantle material (ridge push).