1.2

Question 1

Observational study

Answer 1

Researchers simply observe the behavior of the individuals without trying to influence the outcome of the study

Question 2

Cross-sectional study

Answer 2

An observational study that collects info about individuals at a specific point in time or over a very short period of time

Question 3

Cohort study

Answer 3

1st identifies a group of individuals to participate in a study, and then they are observed over a long period of time. During the study, the individual’s characteristics are recorded, and some will be exposed to certain factors unintentionally, and others will not. At the end value of the response variable is recorded by the individual

Question 4

Case-control study

Answer 4

The studies require the individuals to look back in time or require the researcher to look at existing records. In this study individuals that have certain characteristics are matched with those who do not

Question 5

Experiment

Answer 5

Used whenever control of certain variables is possible and desirable; Allows researchers to identify certain cause and effect relationships among the variables in the study

Question 6

Confounding

Answer 6

Occurs when the effects of two or more explanatory variables are not separated. Any relationship there is between an explanatory variable and the response variable may be due to some other variables or variable not accounted for in the study.

Question 7

Lurking variable

Answer 7

Explanatory variable that was not considered but a study but that effects the value but that affects the value of the response variable in the study