12 Flashcards
Bone tissue that has a “honeycomb” or trabecular structure is
Cancellous tissue
The elbow joint is an example of what type of joint?
Diarthrodial joint
When a limb is moved toward the central part of the body, this motion is called:
Adduction
Name the 3 main parts of a cell
1) plasma membrane
2) cytoplasma
3) nucleus
Name 3 structures of the bone that are composed of connective tissue
1) bone
2) cartilage
3) fat
What is difference between a tissue and an organ?
- Tissue: groups of similar cells that work together to perform a common function
*organs: group of tissues that act together to perform a special function
Name organs that are part of the respiratory system
Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, mouth, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs
Describe the function of the skeletal system
Provides a ridged framework for the body
What is the hard, outer portion of most bones called?
What is the inner, honeycomb portion called?
Outer portion is the cortex
Inner portion is spongy bone, which also may be called cancellous bone
Three classifications of joints and example of each
1) Synarthrosis: joints of the skull
2) Amphiarthrosis: intervertebral joints, sacroiloac joints, public symphysis
3) Diarthrosis: all freely movable joints: hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, etc
Abduct
Move away from center of body
Adduct
Move towards center of body
Extend
Straighten a hinge-joint, straighten spine (bend backwards)
Flex
Bend a hinge joint
Ben the spine forward
Pronate
Rotate the forearm so the play of hand faces down
Supinate
Rotate forearm so palm of hand faces up
Name the joint that is proximal to the hands and distal to the shoulders
Elbow
What is the radiographic term for a body position in which the patient is lying on the left side
Left lateral position
When the patient is lying on left side and the central ray is vertical, what is the name of the projection
Left lateral projection
Name and abbreviations for the projection I. Which the central ray enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface of the body
AP
Anteroposterior
1) What phase of respiration does the patient hold for chest radiography?
2) For abdominal radiography?
1) chest: inspiration
2) abdominal: expiration
Because the width of the clavicle is greater than its height, what is correct IR orientation for AP projection of clavicle?
Crosswise
Endogenous conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, stroke, heart attack, scurvy, rickets, pellagra, goiter, erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis
Exogenous conditions
Fracture, dislocation, soft tissue injury, infection
4 characteristics of inflammation
1- swelling
2- reddening
3- heat at the site
4- pain
Difference between acute and chronic conditions
Acute- characterized by sudden onset
Chronic- are long durations
Difference between benign and malignant
Benign- lesions that are limited in growth & remain @ one site
Malignant- are cancers that grow more rapidly; invade surrounding structures & can spread (metastasize) to distant sites
Define anterior as it relates to radiographic positioning
Forward or front portion of the body or body part
Define posterior as it relates to radiographic positioning
Backwards or back portion of the body or body part
Define cephalad as it relates to radiographic positioning
Pertaining to the head, towards the head
Define caudad as it relates to radiographic positioning
Away from head
Define superior as it relates to radiographic positioning
Above , towards the head
Define inferior as it relates to radiographic positioning
Below, farther from the head
Define internal as it relates to radiographic positioning
Deep, near the center of the body or part
Define external as it relates to radiographic positioning
To the outside, @ or near the surface of the body or part
Define medial as it relates to radiographic positioning
Toward the center of the body or center of the part
Define lateral as it relates to radiographic positioning
The side, away from the center, to the left or right
Define proximal as it relates to radiographic positioning
Towards the source or point of origin
Define distal as it relates to radiographic positioning
Away from the source or point of origin
Ex: the wrist is distal to the elbow, being farther from the point of origin of the arm, which is @ shoulder
Define recumbent as it relates to radiographic positioning
Lying down,
The position is further described by adding name of body surface on which patient is lying
Dorsal recumbent, lateral recumbent, ventral recumbent
Define upright as it relates to radiographic positioning
Erect, standing or seated
Define decubitus position as it relates to radiographic positioning
Patient is recumbent with CR horizontal or parallel to floor
Position is named according to body surface on which Patient is lying:
Lateral decubitus ( left or right), dorsal decubitus, ventral decubitus
Define lateral position as it relates to radiographic positioning
Placement of body or part with the Sagittarius plane parallel to the IR.
It is named according to the side adjacent to the radiographic table or IR
Define oblique position as it relates to radiographic positioning
Achieved when body part or entire body is placed so that the coronal plane is not parallel with radiographic table or IR.
The description is usually stated as a degree or rotation, either frl.a body plane or towards the affected side
The center ray enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface of the body or atomic structure
AP
anteroposterior projection
The central ray enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface of the body or anatomic structure
PA
posteroanterior projection
That which the Sagittal plane of the body or body part is parallel to the IR
Lateral projection
That in which the body is rotated so that the CR travels through the body on An oblique plane, rather than following an anatomic plane
Oblique projection
A radiographic taken with a longitudinal angulatio. Of the CR of 10 genre’s or more
Axial projection
Produced by directing the CR to “skim” the profile of the subject
Tangential projection
