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Xray > 12 > Flashcards

12 Flashcards

1
Q

Bone tissue that has a “honeycomb” or trabecular structure is

A

Cancellous tissue

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2
Q

The elbow joint is an example of what type of joint?

A

Diarthrodial joint

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3
Q

When a limb is moved toward the central part of the body, this motion is called:

A

Adduction

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4
Q

Name the 3 main parts of a cell

A

1) plasma membrane

2) cytoplasma

3) nucleus

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5
Q

Name 3 structures of the bone that are composed of connective tissue

A

1) bone

2) cartilage

3) fat

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6
Q

What is difference between a tissue and an organ?

A
  • Tissue: groups of similar cells that work together to perform a common function

*organs: group of tissues that act together to perform a special function

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7
Q

Name organs that are part of the respiratory system

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, mouth, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs

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8
Q

Describe the function of the skeletal system

A

Provides a ridged framework for the body

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9
Q

What is the hard, outer portion of most bones called?
What is the inner, honeycomb portion called?

A

Outer portion is the cortex

Inner portion is spongy bone, which also may be called cancellous bone

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10
Q

Three classifications of joints and example of each

A

1) Synarthrosis: joints of the skull

2) Amphiarthrosis: intervertebral joints, sacroiloac joints, public symphysis

3) Diarthrosis: all freely movable joints: hip, knee, shoulder, elbow, wrist, etc

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11
Q

Abduct

A

Move away from center of body

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12
Q

Adduct

A

Move towards center of body

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13
Q

Extend

A

Straighten a hinge-joint, straighten spine (bend backwards)

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14
Q

Flex

A

Bend a hinge joint
Ben the spine forward

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15
Q

Pronate

A

Rotate the forearm so the play of hand faces down

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16
Q

Supinate

A

Rotate forearm so palm of hand faces up

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17
Q

Name the joint that is proximal to the hands and distal to the shoulders

A

Elbow

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18
Q

What is the radiographic term for a body position in which the patient is lying on the left side

A

Left lateral position

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19
Q

When the patient is lying on left side and the central ray is vertical, what is the name of the projection

A

Left lateral projection

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20
Q

Name and abbreviations for the projection I. Which the central ray enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface of the body

A

AP
Anteroposterior

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21
Q

1) What phase of respiration does the patient hold for chest radiography?

2) For abdominal radiography?

A

1) chest: inspiration

2) abdominal: expiration

22
Q

Because the width of the clavicle is greater than its height, what is correct IR orientation for AP projection of clavicle?

A

Crosswise

23
Q

Endogenous conditions

A

Rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, stroke, heart attack, scurvy, rickets, pellagra, goiter, erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis

24
Q

Exogenous conditions

A

Fracture, dislocation, soft tissue injury, infection

25
Q

4 characteristics of inflammation

A

1- swelling
2- reddening
3- heat at the site
4- pain

26
Q

Difference between acute and chronic conditions

A

Acute- characterized by sudden onset

Chronic- are long durations

27
Q

Difference between benign and malignant

A

Benign- lesions that are limited in growth & remain @ one site

Malignant- are cancers that grow more rapidly; invade surrounding structures & can spread (metastasize) to distant sites

28
Q

Define anterior as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Forward or front portion of the body or body part

29
Q

Define posterior as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Backwards or back portion of the body or body part

30
Q

Define cephalad as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Pertaining to the head, towards the head

31
Q

Define caudad as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Away from head

32
Q

Define superior as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Above , towards the head

33
Q

Define inferior as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Below, farther from the head

34
Q

Define internal as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Deep, near the center of the body or part

35
Q

Define external as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

To the outside, @ or near the surface of the body or part

36
Q

Define medial as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Toward the center of the body or center of the part

37
Q

Define lateral as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

The side, away from the center, to the left or right

38
Q

Define proximal as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Towards the source or point of origin

39
Q

Define distal as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Away from the source or point of origin

Ex: the wrist is distal to the elbow, being farther from the point of origin of the arm, which is @ shoulder

40
Q

Define recumbent as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Lying down,
The position is further described by adding name of body surface on which patient is lying

Dorsal recumbent, lateral recumbent, ventral recumbent

41
Q

Define upright as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Erect, standing or seated

42
Q

Define decubitus position as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Patient is recumbent with CR horizontal or parallel to floor

Position is named according to body surface on which Patient is lying:
Lateral decubitus ( left or right), dorsal decubitus, ventral decubitus

43
Q

Define lateral position as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Placement of body or part with the Sagittarius plane parallel to the IR.
It is named according to the side adjacent to the radiographic table or IR

44
Q

Define oblique position as it relates to radiographic positioning

A

Achieved when body part or entire body is placed so that the coronal plane is not parallel with radiographic table or IR.
The description is usually stated as a degree or rotation, either frl.a body plane or towards the affected side

45
Q

The center ray enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface of the body or atomic structure

A

AP
anteroposterior projection

46
Q

The central ray enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface of the body or anatomic structure

A

PA
posteroanterior projection

47
Q

That which the Sagittal plane of the body or body part is parallel to the IR

A

Lateral projection

48
Q

That in which the body is rotated so that the CR travels through the body on An oblique plane, rather than following an anatomic plane

A

Oblique projection

49
Q

A radiographic taken with a longitudinal angulatio. Of the CR of 10 genre’s or more

A

Axial projection

50
Q

Produced by directing the CR to “skim” the profile of the subject

A

Tangential projection

Xray (2 decks)

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