1.1d - Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is Vascular Shunting pathway?

Answer 1

1) Increased demand for oxygen
2) Blood flow increased to working muscles
3) Vasoconstriction/Vasodilation

4) Redistribution of blood flow
(Vascular shunt)

Question 2

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 2

Narrowing of blood vessels

Question 3

What is Vasodilation?

Answer 3

Expanding of Blood vessels

Question 4

What side of the heart does deoxygenated blood go into?

Answer 4

The right side

Question 5

What side of the heart does oxygenated blood leave?

Answer 5

Left side

Question 6

What are the 3 functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 6

1) Transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
2) Clotting of open wounds
3) Regulation of body temperature

Question 7

What is Cardiac Output equation?

Answer 7

Cardiac output =

Heart rate x Stroke Volume

Question 8

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 8

• Carry oxygen from the lungs to the working muscles

- Removes CO2

Question 9

What does haemoglobin do?

Answer 9

Binds oxygen to red blood cells

Question 10

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 10

Part of the immune system and fight disease and infection.

Question 11

What do platelets do?

Answer 11

Clot blood and form a scab around the site of injury

Question 12

What does plasma do?

Answer 12

Allows blood to flow

It’s the liquid part of blood

Question 13

What are the 5 characteristics of arteries?

Answer 13

1) away from heart
2) oxygenated blood
3) thick/elastic walls
4) small lumen
5) high pressure

Question 14

What are the 5 characteristics of veins?

Answer 14

1) back to heart
2) deoxygenated blood
3) thin walls + large lumen
4) lower pressure
5) valves

Question 15

What are capillaries 3 characteristics?

Answer 15

1) in the tissue
2) site of gaseous exchange
3) very thin walls

Question 16

What is the structure of the respiratory system?

Answer 16

1) Lung
2) Trachea
3) Bronchi
4) Bronchioles
5) Alveoli
6) Diaphragm

Question 17

What is Tidal Volume?

Answer 17

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath.

Question 18

What is tidal volumes resting value?

Answer 18

500ml

Question 19

What is Vital Capacity?

Answer 19

The maximum amount of air exhaled following a maximal breath in.

Question 20

What is Frequency?

Answer 20

The number of breaths taken per minute.

Question 21

What is frequency resting value?

Answer 21

12-20 breaths

Question 22

What is minute ventilation?

Answer 22

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per minute

Question 23

What is minute ventilation measured in?

Answer 23

Measured in litres.

Question 24

How does gaseous exchange occur at the alveoli?

Answer 24

Alveoli have thin moist walls to allow diffusion

Capillaries are closely wrapped around the alveoli to increase efficiency.

Question 25

What happens to the respiratory system during inhalation?

Answer 25

1) Diaphragm and intercostal contract
2) Diaphragm flattens and pulls down
3) Ling size increases and air pressure inside is reduced
4) Air pressure from outside the lungs moves from high to low and is drawn in

Question 26

What happens to the respiratory system during exhalation?

Answer 26

1) Diaphragm and intercostal relax
2) Diaphragm returns to dome shape
3) Lung size reduces and air pressure inside is increased
4) Air pressure outside the lungs is lower and therefore air is exhaled.

Question 27

What happens to gaseous exchange during exercise?

Answer 27

Gaseous exchange increases as the intensity increases to cope with:

1) Increase in demand for oxygen at working muscles
2) Increase in CO2 production and the need to rid this waste product