1.1d - Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is Vascular Shunting pathway?
1) Increased demand for oxygen
2) Blood flow increased to working muscles
3) Vasoconstriction/Vasodilation
4) Redistribution of blood flow
(Vascular shunt)
What is vasoconstriction?
Narrowing of blood vessels
What is Vasodilation?
Expanding of Blood vessels
What side of the heart does deoxygenated blood go into?
The right side
What side of the heart does oxygenated blood leave?
Left side
What are the 3 functions of the cardiovascular system?
1) Transport of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients
2) Clotting of open wounds
3) Regulation of body temperature
What is Cardiac Output equation?
Cardiac output =
Heart rate x Stroke Volume
What do red blood cells do?
- Carry oxygen from the lungs to the working muscles
- Removes CO2
What does haemoglobin do?
Binds oxygen to red blood cells
What do white blood cells do?
Part of the immune system and fight disease and infection.
What do platelets do?
Clot blood and form a scab around the site of injury
What does plasma do?
Allows blood to flow
It’s the liquid part of blood
What are the 5 characteristics of arteries?
1) away from heart
2) oxygenated blood
3) thick/elastic walls
4) small lumen
5) high pressure
What are the 5 characteristics of veins?
1) back to heart
2) deoxygenated blood
3) thin walls + large lumen
4) lower pressure
5) valves
What are capillaries 3 characteristics?
1) in the tissue
2) site of gaseous exchange
3) very thin walls
What is the structure of the respiratory system?
1) Lung
2) Trachea
3) Bronchi
4) Bronchioles
5) Alveoli
6) Diaphragm
What is Tidal Volume?
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per breath.
What is tidal volumes resting value?
500ml
What is Vital Capacity?
The maximum amount of air exhaled following a maximal breath in.
What is Frequency?
The number of breaths taken per minute.
What is frequency resting value?
12-20 breaths
What is minute ventilation?
The amount of air inhaled and exhaled per minute
What is minute ventilation measured in?
Measured in litres.
How does gaseous exchange occur at the alveoli?
Alveoli have thin moist walls to allow diffusion
Capillaries are closely wrapped around the alveoli to increase efficiency.
What happens to the respiratory system during inhalation?
1) Diaphragm and intercostal contract
2) Diaphragm flattens and pulls down
3) Ling size increases and air pressure inside is reduced
4) Air pressure from outside the lungs moves from high to low and is drawn in
What happens to the respiratory system during exhalation?
1) Diaphragm and intercostal relax
2) Diaphragm returns to dome shape
3) Lung size reduces and air pressure inside is increased
4) Air pressure outside the lungs is lower and therefore air is exhaled.
What happens to gaseous exchange during exercise?
Gaseous exchange increases as the intensity increases to cope with:
1) Increase in demand for oxygen at working muscles
2) Increase in CO2 production and the need to rid this waste product
