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Uworld > 11.7 > Flashcards

11.7 Flashcards

1
Q

impaired cough and shallow breathing

A

hypoxia
increased RR
low pCO2

= atelactasis = loss of lung volume

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2
Q

ppx of atelectasis

A

pain control ICS direct coughing early mobilization

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3
Q 
oozing from venipuncture sites
sepsis
trauma
malignancy
OB c/b
A 
DIC
long PT/PTT
low fibrinogen
high D-dimer
schisotcytes
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4
Q

dilated fluid filled stomach
dilated proximal intestinal segment
no intraluminal fluid in rest of bowel

A

duodenal atresia

causes: polyhydramnios bc you can’t swallow

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5
Q

VACTERL

vertebral
anal atresia
cardiac
TE fistula
esophageal /duodenal atresia
renal 
limb
A

if any defect, need to evaluate for the rest of these

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6
Q

associations of duodenal atresia

A

downs

VACTERL

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7
Q

COL1A1 defect

A

osteogenesis imperfect

frequ fractures
blue sclera
conductive hearing loss
dental  issues
joints hypermobile

(only T2 is lethal)

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8
Q

chlamydia and gonorrhea in women

A

cervicities
urethrtisi perihepatitis

tx:

chlam: azithro
gono: both azithro + CTX

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9
Q

PID can be c/b

A

tubo ovarian abscess = fever + adnexal mass

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10
Q

degenerating subserosal uterine leiomycoma

A

abdominal pain
fever
irregularly enlarged focally tender uterus

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11
Q

ground glass ovary on U/S

A

endometriosis

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12
Q

adnexal mass w/ solid components + hyperechoic nodules

A

mature cystic teratomya

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13
Q

symmetric juvenile arthritis versus asymmetric juvenile arthritis?

A

symmetrical: JIA: tx w/ naproxen, will be worse in AM

asymmetric:
if vesiculopustual lesions: gonococcal arthritis = tx w/ CTX

if erythema migrains, lyme, tx w/ doxy

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14
Q

painful, fluctuant mass 4-5cm cephalad to anus w/ purulent blood drainage

A

pilonidal disease = infected hair follicle

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15
Q

perianal fistula vs abscess

A

fistula = drains purulent material

abscess = does not drain

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16
Q

sudden onset RDS, hypoxia, shock, or cardiac arrest s/p CVC placement, PPV, or neurosurgery

A

venous air embolism = can go to RV outflow tract and cause an obstruction

leads to dyspnea, RDS, obstructive shock causing cardiac arrest

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17
Q

discomfort, heaviness of scrotum, pampiniform plexus increases w valsalva

A

varicocele, increases infertility and testicular atrophy

if BL, c/f malignancy

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18
Q

GBS - ascending weakness + areflexia + high protein on CSF w/ abnormal EMG/NCS, ENHANCEMENTS OF ANTERIOR NERVE ROOTS ADN CAUDA EQUINA

TX?

A

1) SPIROMETRY TO DETERMINE MUSCLE STRENGTH
IF LOW fvc, THEN YOU NEED TO INTUBATE

2) if severe dysautonomia, widened pulse, RDS, or low FVC, then intubate

otherwise IVIG

19
Q

In which settings can succinylcholine use cause hyperkalemia?

A

skeletal mm trauma
burn injury
stroke
GBS

postsynpatic ach receptors are upregulated in these conditions, so instead use vecuronium and recuronium

20
Q

3 wk hx of weight loss abdominal pain nausea plus hypotension and lyte abnormaliites

A

addison’s disease

21
Q

SIADH

A

hypotonic hyponatremia

serum osm<275 = LOW
urine osm>100 = HIGH
urine sodium >40 = HIGH

22
Q

nitrates work by?

A 
systemic vasodilation
decreased cardiac preload
decrease in LVEDV
reduction in LV stress
decreased in oxygen demand
23
Q

pleural effusion w/ glucose<50 and high LDH could be

A

empyema
cancer
TB
RA

24
Q

when do you not give a beta blocker in acute MI?

A

hypotension
bradycardia
acute HF
heart block

25
Q

when do you give atropine in acute MI?

A

unstable sinus brady

26
Q

when do you not give nitrates in acute MI

A

if hypotensive
right ventricular infarct
severe aortic stenosis

27
Q

in metabolic acidosis, what is the urine pH

A

high, because the kidneys release extra bicarbb to alkalinize the urine and hold onto extra H+

28
Q

what happens to aldosterone in contraction alkalosis

A

when volume contracts, aldosterone goes up to resolve intravsacular volume and results in H+ loss and Na+ retention

29
Q

what drugs cause a false + PCP test?

A 
dextromethorphan
diphenhydramine
ketamine
tramadol
venlafaxine
30
Q 
hypotension
bradycardia
bronchospasm
altered mental status
seizures
A

BB toxicity

tx w. fluids, atropine, and glucagon

31
Q

TB tests ranges that you can do nothing about

<5 mm
<10
<15

A

<5 HIV+ patients, recent CONTACTS of known TB, NODULAR/FIBROTIC CHANGES on CXR c/w prior healed TB, ORGAN transplant recipients

<10: IMMIGRANTS, IV DRUGS, prisons, shelters, hospitals, lab workers, CHRONIC DISEASE (DM, LEUKEMIA, ESRD), KIDS<4

<15 everyone else

32
Q

If TB test is positive but negative chest x ray how do you treat?

A

9 months of INH + pyridoxine or 4 mos of rifampin

33
Q

how to treat active TB

A

RIPE for 8 weeks then I+R for 4 months

34
Q

AUB management

A

<45 =OCP

>45 OR FAILED OCP OR OBESE or on tamoxifen = endometrial biopsy

35
Q

if psychosis in PD, what do you do?

A

reduce carbidopa levodopa

unless resurgent motor symptoms, then treat w/ quetiapine

36
Q

high testosterone
high estrogen
no LH surge = no follicle maturation

A

PCOS

37
Q

FTT, diarrhea, LAD, PCP pneumonia in infant =

A

HIV in infant

tx w/ immediate ART

38
Q

In pulmonary fibrosis what happens to A-A gradient?

A

increased, and decreased diffusion capacity for CO

39
Q

stealing objects of low monetary value and not needed for personal use

A

kleptomania

40
Q

blunt chest trauma w/ tension pneumo + crepitus –> despite CT, rapid reaccumulation OF PTX & rapid airleak of CT

A

bronchial rupture

41
Q

intermittent abdominal pain after eating

decreased food consumption

weight loss

A

mesenteric ischemia

dx w/ mesenteric angiography

42
Q

How to treat ischemic stroke in SCD?

A

exchange transfusion (or simple transfusion)

heparin is not given in stroke

43
Q

how to manage primary amenorrhea

A

pelvic ultrasound to exclude anatomic abnmls

44
Q

what is primary amenorrhea

A

no period at age>15 but breasts

no period at age>13 and no breasts

Uworld (6 decks)

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