1.1.3. Vasculature of the Upper Limb

Question 1

What is the Axillary Artery a continuation of?

Answer 1

The Subclavian Artery

Question 2

What does the Axillary Artery pass under to enter the Axilla?

Answer 2

Pectroalis Major Muscle

Question 3

What is the Axillary Artery enclosed in?

Answer 3

The Axillary Sheath

Question 4

What arteries branch off of the Axillary Artery (in the Axilla)?

Answer 4

1. Anterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
2. Posterior Circumflex Humeral Artery
3. Subscapular Artery

Question 5

1. What is the path of the Anterior and Posterior Circumflex Arteries?
2. What do they supply?

Answer 5

1. The circle posteriorly around the Humerus

2. They supply the Shoulder region

Question 6

1. What does the Axillary Artery continue on as?

2. At what anatomical point does the name change?

Answer 6

1. The Brachial Artery

2. At the level of Teres Major

Question 7

What artery branch off the Brachial Artery?

Answer 7

The Profunda Brachii

Question 8

1. What is the path of the Profunda Brachii?

2. How does it terminate?

Answer 8

1. It travels along the posterior surface of the Humerus, running in the Radial Groove
2. It ends up contributing to a network of vessles at the Elbow Joint

Question 9

What does the Profunda Brachii supply?

Answer 9

Structures in the posterior aspect of the forearm

Question 10

What does the Brachial Artery run immediately posterior to?

Answer 10

The Median Nerve

Question 11

1. Where does the Brachial Artery bifurcate?

2. What does it bifurcate under?

Answer 11

1. As it crosses the Cubital Fossa

2. Brachialis Muscle

Question 12

What does the Brachial Artery bifurcate into?

Answer 12

1. The Radial Artery

2. The Ulnar Artrery

Question 13

What does the Radial Artery supply?

Answer 13

The posterior aspect of the Forearm

Question 14

What does the Ulnar Artery supply?

Answer 14

The anterior aspect of the Forearm

Question 15

How do the Radial and Ulnar Arteries end?

Answer 15

They anastomose in the hand

Question 16

As the Radial and Ulnar Arteries anastomose, what do they form?

Answer 16

1. Superficial Palmar Arch

2. Deep Palmar Arch

Question 17

Why are superficial veins of the Upper Limb important?

Answer 17

They are commonly used for:

1. Intravenous Injections
2. Transfusions
3. Drawing Blood for Testing

Question 18

Where can the Dorsal Venous Arch be found?

Answer 18

On the Dorsum (Back) of the Hand

Question 19

Where does the Cephalic Vein arise from?

Answer 19

The lateral end of the Dorsal Venous Arch

Question 20

Where does the Basilic Vein arise from?

Answer 20

The medial end of the Dorsal Venous Arch

Question 21

Where does the Median Cubital Vein shunt blood from / to?

Answer 21

1. From the Cephalic Vein (Superficial and Lateral)
2. To the Basilic Vein (Deep and Medial)
   Around the area of the Elbow

Question 22

At what anatomical point does the Basilic Vein move deep into the arm?

Answer 22

At the border of Teres Major

Question 23

1. What does the Basilic Vein combine with?

2. What does this form?

Answer 23

1. Brachial Veins

2. Axillary Vein

Question 24

How does the Cephalic Vein pass, in relation to, the Elbow?

Answer 24

Laterally

Question 25

Where does the Cephalic Vein travel as it reaches the shoulder?

Answer 25

Between the Deltoid and Pectoralis Major (in the Deltopectoral Groove)

Question 26

After the Cephalic Vein has passed through the Deltopectoral Groove, where does it go?

Answer 26

It enters the Axilla region, via the Calvipectoral Triangle

Question 27

1. What does the Cephalic Vein join up with?

2. Where does this happen?

Answer 27

1. The Axillary Vein

2. The Axilla

Question 28

Where are the Deep Veins of the Upper Limb situated?

Answer 28

Underneath the Deep Fascia

Question 29

1. What are the deep veins found alongside?

2. What is the advantage of this?

Answer 29

1. Deep Arteries (Brachial, Radial, and Ulnar)

2. Pulsations of the Brachial Artery help with Venous Return (Vena Comitantes)

Question 30

Are the Deep Arteries of the Upper Limb connected to the Superficial Arteries of the Upper Limb?

Answer 30

Yes, via Perforating Veins