113 Final Study Guide Flashcards
To Ensure Safety when working with fiber optic cables, you should always ensure that…
(Quiz 1)
You wear safety glasses
What is one thing you should always remember when working with ladders?
(quiz 1)
Never leave tools on top of the ladder
List some ways to ensure workplace safety
(quiz 1)
Survey the work area before you start
Locate the fire extinguishers
Only use fire-rated cabling in plenum areas
Does voice and data wiring work with high voltage?
(quiz 1)
No, voice and data cabling is low voltage.
What should you do if a fire occurs and you can not quickly and safely extinguish the flames
(quiz 1)
Activate the fire alarm
What does CSA stand for? (quiz 1)
Canadian Standards Association
What is higher priority? Local or provincial codes?
(quiz 1)
Local codes take precedence over provincial codes
A complete system of cabling and associated hardware, which provides a comprehensive voice and
data infrastructure is referred to as what? (quiz 1)
Structured Cabling
What is considered a passive component in structured cabling? (quiz 1)
Anything between a switch port and a NIC is considered a passive component.
Name some ways a person could be involved with the structured cabling industry (quiz 1)
Installer
Network Admin
Customer
Project Manager
Name some responsibilities of a cable installer? (quiz 1)
A cable installers job is to provide functional, tested, and documented cabling.
Which type of Tester should be used to safely check electrical outlets or nearby cables for voltage? (quiz 1)
Multi-Meter tester.
What is the fucntion of a Ground Fault Interrupter (GFCI?) (quiz 1)
GFCIs stop the flow of electrons and reduce the hazard of electrical shock and fire.
What is Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)? (quiz 1)
EMI Is the noise from electrical circuits or devices. It can interfere with data signals and distort them
causing communications issues.
Name some safety measures you should be aware of while on the job (quiz 2)
Always wear proper clothing
Remember to locate and avoid electrical wiring
Observe ladder safety
How do you prevent EMI? (quiz 2)
Keep copper cables away from power cables, fluorescent lights, and electrical motors.
What is more important than getting the job done on time? Be sure to think really logically on this one super logical (quiz 2)
Ensure all terminations are done correctly.
What two types of copper cabling are the new standard in the lan market? (quiz 2)
CAT6 and CAT5e
In Canada, what is the most followed standard in premises communications cabling? (quiz 2)
T568A
What type of cabling should be used when working with screw terminal jacks or data inserts? (quiz 2)
4 Pair UTP Solid cabling.
List the color code for the top and bottom of a screw terminal jack (lab question)
On top:
Red - Blue
Green - W/blue
Black - W/orange
Yellow - orange
On Bottom:
Red - green
Green - W/green
Black - W/brown
Yellow - brown
How do you ensure that you receive CAT6a performance throughout a data network? (quiz 2)
You have to make sure that you use CAT6a data inserts and hardware.
How much can you untwist a pair of conductors in a UTP cable before it becomes a victim of NEXT?
1/2” (Half an inch)
The interwoven nature of each pair of wires in twisted pair cables helps neutralize noise and reduce interference. What is the name of this effect? (quiz 2)
Cancellation Effect.
Name the tip and ring colors of a 4 pair UTP cable. (quiz 2)
Tip
W/Blue, w/orange, w/green, w/brown
Ring
Blue, orange, green, brown
What is the color code for termination a T568A Straight Through Patch Cable?
Which pins on an RJ-45 Ethernet jack represent which colors?
For T568A:
1 W/G
2 G
3 W/O
4 B
5 W/B
6 O
7 W/BR
8 BR
Name the type of connector that works by insterting a solid UTP wire into grippers with sharp internal edges. These edges then cut through the insulation making contact with coppor conductors.
Insulation Displacement Connector (IDC)
Where do most shorts and opens occur when working with CAT5e and CAT6 cabling?
Most shorts and opens occur at the connections
What does the ft marker on the cable markings represent?
It represents the ammount of cable remaining inside the box.
What type of UTP cabling would be used inside a ceiling where Plenum is located?
Solid CMP cabling.
What is the maximum cable distance of a CAT6 cable?
100 meters
Define Baseband
Baseband describes the communication system in which the media carries one signal only. Even though that signal may have many components. it remains only one signal from the perspective of the cable.
Which two ways is bandwidth expressed for digital devices?
bits per second (bpm)
Bytes per second (Bps)
What is inductance?
Inductance is the electrical feild that forms around a wire.
What is attenuation?
Attenuation is a natural consequence that refers to any reduction (or loss) in the strength of a signal and it can occur in both optical and electrical signaling.
What is NEXT?
Near-end Crosstalk (NEXT) occurs when too much wire in untwisted, causing the signals to radiate into other pairs within the cables. This occurs most frequently at the point where the connector attaches to the wire.
What do you use SOLID cabling for?
What do you use STRANDED cable for?
Stranded cabling is used for patch cables
Solid cabling is used for everything else.
What is the a multimdeia cable tester designed for?
Multimedia cable testers are designed to test all common low voltage cabling systems found in today’s networks to ensure the cabling meets the TIA/EI standards being tested.
Which of the following is the “preferred” tool to use when removing the cable jacket from stranded ethernet cabling?
Ethernet UTP/STP cable strippers
What type of battery is used to power the wire tracer probe and transmitter that was included in the tool kit?
9 volts.
How many conductors are there in a 4 pair UTP cable?
8, one for each copper wire.
How much of the outer jacket should you remove when terminating a data inster onto a UTP CAT6 cable?
2 to 4 inches
What two cable qualities are most important regarding network cabling?
- The category of the cable and components connected to it
- The capacitance of the cable
When installing UTP cabeling in a suspended (or drop) ceiling, what best practice should cabling installers adhere to?
Use J-hooks or Cable baskets to support the cables. Never rest cables on ceiling tiles.
Which layer of the OSI model do cable installers and technicians focus on?
Layer 1 - Physical layer
The VDV cable tester that you have been using in the lab is designed to test which of the following low voltage cabling systems?
UTP Data Cabling and UTP CAT3 Voice cabling
What is the most common wireless signal?
Radio Waves through free space
What does the uplink icon on the VDV cable tester mean?
The uplink icon means that all 8 pins are correctly wired with the 1-2 and 3-6 pairs crossed when working with the VDV cable tester. It is accompanied by the “Pass” icon.
What should you do before executing the rough in?
Use post it notes to temporarilly label the boxes and use a permanent marker to label the cable ends.
For long cable runs thorough conduit pipes, what is reccomended to help prevent damage to the cable as it is being pulled through the pipe?
Special Cable Lubricant ;)
Hwo many subsystems make up structured cabling?
There are 6 Subsections.
Demarc Point
Equipment Room
Backbone Cabling
Telecomunications Room
Horizontal Cabling
Work Area
What is the VDV Cable Tester capable of showing you?
The VDV Cable Tester shows
Volts
Wire Maps
Opens
Splits
What are two advantages of using UTP cabling over other types?
UTP Cabling is cheaper and simple to install.
What is the biggest concern when developing and updating wireless technology?
The biggest concern is making sure they are not subject to security concerns and unathorized use.
How do you eliminate the need to tone out cables after they have been installed?
Making sure you label both ends of the cable as you are installing it.
What is a bix punchdown tool?
A bix punchdown is a single action spring activated punchdown tool used to terminate cabling onto Canadian cross connect systems.
What is impedance?
Resistance
How do analog and digital systems transmit data?
Analog systems transmit data as continually varying signals
Digital systems transmit data as streams of ones and zeros.
What is noise?
Noise is unwanted electrical, electromagnetic, or radio frequency energy that can degrade and distort the quality of signals and communications of all types.
How do wireless transmissions work?
Wireless transmissions work by sending high frequency electromagnetic waves into free space.
What is bandwidth?
Bandwidth is the measure of how fast data flows on a given transmission path or the range of frequencies that a signle occupies on a given medium.
What is the name for the physical and electrical boundary between the inside wiring and the Telecom network?
In Canada, Demarcation Point
In the US, Network Interface (NI)
What is a full duplex link?
A full duplex link is when two pairs of a UTP cable are used to similtaneously transmit signals in opposite directions.
An electrical signal consists of eletctrical patterns that are transmitted from one connected device to another. These patterns represent digital bits and move down the media as a series of……
Voltages
What must you do during termination of telecom cables?
Test everything and document your tests.
What is used for termination onto a wirewerks data insert?
110 punchdown tool
What is the use of a Grommet?
Grommets are used when you run UTP cabling through conduits or metal studs. They protect your cables from coming into contact with metal framing or rough edges in conduit piping.
What should you be used when terminating a 25 pair onto a BIX? What should be used when terminating a 4 pair UTP onto a BIX?
25 pair - QCBIX1A
4 pair QCBIX1A4
What are the 3 phases of a cabling installation project?
Rough in
Trim out
Finish
Which standard covers cable labelling?
ANSI/TIA-606
What is the maximum number of 4 pair UTP cables that can be terminated onto a BIX1A4?
6 cables.
Wat is the use of a TDR? What is the difference between TDR and OTDR?
A Time Domain Reflectometer is used to test wire mapping, length, attentuation, and NEXT.
OTDR is used for Fiber Optics, TDR is used for copper.
Name all the tools and materials required to terminate a 25 pair cable.
10C Frame
Zip Ties
BIX 16A Punchdown Tool
QCBIX1A
What are easy plates used for?
Easy Plates are used after cutting a hole in drywall. It gets intalled into the drywall so the data insert faceplate has something to be fastened to.
What are the alternative names for horizontal cabling?
Horizontal cabling is also known as “Home Runs” or “Zone Cabling”
What is the easiest way to correct a NEXT error?
Re terminate the connnector and make sure that the twist ratio is within the half inch rule.
Which test is the most basic and considered the first line of defense in finding cabling issues?
Verification Tests are the baseline.
Which phase of cable installation would you certify your cabling?
The finish phase.
What type of ethernet cable is best for areas with high levels of EMI?
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) cabling.
(Normally Fiber would be used, however this question specifies ETHERNET cabling)
What does the CMP label on cable marking mean?
CMP means that the cable is Plenum safe.
What is the difference between straight through and crossover cables?
Straight Through cables have both ends terminated identically
Crossover cables are cables where both ends are terminated following different standards.
What would the Canadian Electrical Code be most concerned with?
The Canadian Electrical Code would care the most about determining whether general, riser or plenum cable must be used.
If you have exposed wires from one terminal screw touching another exposed wire, what error would you get from testing?
Short .
What type of technology is ethernet?
Baseband
What is the color code for terminating onto a BIX1A4?
W/B, B, W/O, O, W/G, G, W/BR, BR
What is the color code you should follow when terminating a 25 pair?
W/B, B/ W/O, O W/G, G, W/BR. BR. W/S, S
White, Red, Black, Yellow, Violet
Which way should the tab on the 8P8C modular plug face when making a straight through patch cable?
The tab should be facing down.
What are the two general types of Fiber Optic cables?
Singlemode and Multimode
When moving from floor to floor, what would be the name of the cabling that connects the floors?
Backbone cabling.
What is the name of the area which is typically the starting point for cable pulls?
Staging area or drop zone.
What is the acronym that best describes technology that passes electric power over twister pair ethernet cables to power devices such a wireless access points, VoIP phones, or security cameras?
POE
What does MDF Stand for?
Main Distrobution Frame
What should always be included during a rough in page to help facilitate future runs?
String
Define critical angle in fiber optics.
The Critical angle is the angle of incidence at which light is first totaly internally reflected.
What is Multiplexing?
Multiplexing is a way of sending multiple signals or streams of information over a comunications link at the same time in the form of a single, complex signal.
What is Aramid Yarn?
Aramid Yarn is the strength element of fiber optic cables. It is specifically used so optical fibers are not damaged during installation. It also provides the mechanism for safely pulling cable during installation.
What is loose tube fiber optic cable?
Loose Tube cabling is a type of fiber optic cable that contains gel to prevent water from entering into the fiber.
When is optical fiber used over copper cabling?
When High bandwidth is required
When the run is a distance longer than 100 meters
When the run is going through areas with high levels of EMI.
What is return loss?
Return loss is a measure of all reflections caused by impedance mismatches at all locations along a link. Return loss is expressed in decibel (dB).
What does FTTH stand for?
FIber to the home.
In regards to fiber optic cables, why does refraction happen?
Light slows down inside the materials.
Define fiber optics
Fiber optics are defined by communication over thin strands of glass.
What is the purpose of cladding on fiber optic cables?
Cladding prevents light from escaping by providing total internal reflection.
What four components are needed for a fiber optic system to operate?
Transmitter
Receiver
Fiber Cable
Connectors
What is an Optical Time Domain Reflectometer?
OTDRs are an optoelectronic instrument that works similar to radar by injecting a series of optical pulses into the fiber optic cable while testing.
What is a signal regenerator (aka a repeater)?
A repeater is used to boost an electronic pulse in a copper cable.
What causes most problems with fiber-optic cables?
Dirt and dust in the connectors that impedes the fiber optic signal.
How does the refractive index affect the velocity of light?
The lower the refractive index, the faster the velocity of light.
What items are needed to complete a fiber optic termination?
Cleaver, crimper, permanent marker. safety stickers (tape, FST)
Which is more permanent when it comes to fiber optics, splices or connectors?
Splices are more permanent.
What is Index Matching Gel?
Index Matching gel is a liquid made of refractive index. It is used to mate fiber strands to connectors.
What is multimode fiber?
Multimode fiber is a cable typically used for short distance links. It’s core diameter is much larger than the wavelength of light transmitted, which allows many modes of light to propagate.
What is the role of a fiber optic transmitter?
The transmitter is used to convert data in the form of electrical signals into equivalent light pulses before sending them off.
What are the 5 elements of fiber optic cable?
Core, cladding, Buffer coating, aramid yarn, cable jacket.
What fiber can support gigabit data rates over long distances?
Singlemode
Name the two types of splicing.
Fusion splicing
Mechanical splicing
What is a local loop?
A local loop or last mile is the physical connection between the customer and the central office.
What is a visual fault locator?
A visual fault locator is a device that couples visual light into the fiber to allow visual tracing and testing of continuity.
Which color is used for single mode cables?
Single mode cable is yellow
Multimode is usually orange.
What is used to measure the light lost in a mated pair of connectors, a splice, or a long length of installed and terminated fiber optic cable?
Decibels (dB)
Do fiber optic networks send signals in analog, digital, or both?
Fiber networks can send signals in both analog and digital.
What type of multiplexing do most fiber optic networks use?
Frequency Division Multiplexing
What is the power budget?
The power budget is the difference between the specified output of the transmitter and the minimum input of the receiver.
What are the only networks that still use multimode fiber?
Premises LANs
What are optical splitters used for in FTTH networks?
Optical splitters are used to connect many users from one central source to save fibers and costs.
Which type of fiber cable is used in outside plant networks?
Single mode because of its greater length and bandwidth capability.
How are phone calls treated in VoIP networks?
With VoIP, phone calls are treated the same as all other types of data.
Which is most secure? Copper, Fiber Optic, or Coax cabling?
Fiber cabling profides the highest degree of security.
Name the colors of the 2 pairs on a Screw Terminal Jack
Pair 1, red green
Pair 2, black yellow
If there are 4 pairs instead of 2,
Pair 3 red, green
Pair 4 Black yellow
What part of a fiber cable carries light, and what part traps light inside?
Core carries light
Cladding traps light in the core.
What tester was used during our 7th lab for certification testing?
Flue DSP 4000 Cable Analyzer
How do fiber optic cables work?
FIberoptic cables use modulated light for transmissions through thin strands of glass.
What do SMF and MMF stand for?
SMF - Single Mode Fiber
MMF - Multi Mode Fiber
Which has a bigger core? Singlemode or multimode?
Multimode has a larger core than singlemode.
Which connector did we use in our fiber optics lab?
SC
Which two marks are made on fibers before removing the buffer and cleaning the fiber?
Buffer removal mark and the Insertion mark.
How is binary information encoded onto fiber optic cables for transmission?
Information is encoded using different wave length light pulses.
Which setting did we put the fluke tester to when we did our certification lab?
Auto Test
Which type of fiber optic cable is primarily used for outside-plant installations?
Loose Tube fiber.
When labeling jacks in an office environment, why dont you use somebodys name as a label?
They might quit and then you would have no idea where the cable would end up.
What are two likely ways to get a NEXT error when testing a cable?
Cable is being tested in the wrong category
Poor quality connectors are being used.
For newer ethernet technologies such as Gigabit, UTP cables must be capable of transmitting data in____
Full Duplex.
What is an As-Built Diagram?
An As-Built diagram shows a map of cabling. Usually posted in or around the telecom room.
