11.3/4/5 - Formulae, Isomerism, Reaction Mechanisms

Question 1

Define molecular formula

Answer 1

Formula that shows the number and type of atoms of each element present in a molecule

Question 2

Define empirical formula

Answer 2

Formula showing the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound

Question 3

Define general formula

Answer 3

Simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series. E.g. alkanes CnH2n+2

Question 4

Difference between displayed and structural formula

Answer 4

Displayed formula shows the relative positioning of all atoms in a molecule and a bond between them

Structural formula - Displayed formula without the bonds, formula showing minimal detail for arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 5

Define structural isomerism

Answer 5

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula.

Question 6

Define homolytic fission

Answer 6

Breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom forming 2 radicals

Question 7

Define heterolytic fission

Answer 7

Breaking of a covalent bond forming a cation and an anion

Question 8

Define radical

Answer 8

A species with an unpaired reaction