1.1.2.3.4.5 Diseases

Question 1

What are communicable dieases ?

Answer 1

They are infectious disease (can spread from person to person)

Question 2

What are noncommunicable disease?

Answer 2

They are non-infectious diseases (cannot be passed from person to person)

Question 3

Name four pathogens

Answer 3

Viruses
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi

Question 4

How can communicable disease spread?

Answer 4

Direct contact-Touching contaminated surfaces
e.g,kissing,contact with bodily fluids , direct
skin to skin
By water-drinking or coming into contact with
dirty/contaminated water
By air-Breathing in air in which pathogen are being carried
in

Question 5

How can you prevent contracting communicable disease?

Answer 5

Improvibg Hygiene: Hand washing, using disinfectanats ,
isolating raw meat, using a tisse when
sneezing.
Reducing contact with infected individuals
Vaccination:By injecting a small amount of a harmless
pathogen into an individual’s body, they can
become immune to it so will not infect them so
they cannot pass it on.

Question 6

What are the symtoms of measles?

Answer 6

Fever
Red skin rash
-Can lead to other issues like pneumonia, encephalitis & blindness
-Can lead to death if complications arise

Question 7

How is measles spread?

Answer 7

Droplet infection-Spread by inhaling droplets from the air containing the virus from sneezes and coughs

Question 8

How is measles prevented?

Answer 8

Vaccinating young children

Question 9

What type of disease is measles?

Answer 9

Viral disease

Question 10

What type of disease is HIV?

Answer 10

Viral Disease

Question 11

What are the symptoms for HIV?

Answer 11

Intially flu-like symptoms, then the virus attacks the immune system & leads to AIDS (a state in which the immune system becomes so badly damaged that it cannot deal with other infections or cancers)

Question 12

How is HIV spread?

Answer 12

Sexual contact

Exchange of bodily fluids like blood

Question 13

How is HIV prevented?

Answer 13

Using condoms
Not sharing needles
Screening blood when it’s used in transfusions
Mothers with HIV bottle-feeding not breastfeeding their
children

Question 14

How is the development of AIDS prevented after contracting HIV?

Answer 14

Use of antiretroviral to stop virus replicating in the body

Question 15

What are affected by the Tabacco Mosaic virus?

Answer 15

Many species of plants , including tomatoes

Question 16

What type of disease is Tabacco Mosaic virus?

Answer 16

Viral disease

Question 17

What are the symptoms for Tabacco Mosaic virus?

Answer 17

A distinct mosaic discolouration pattern on the leaves
Affected part of the leaf cannot do photosynthesis which affects growth of the plant
(resulting in a reduction of yield)

Question 18

How is tabacco mosaic virus spread?

Answer 18

Contact between diseased & healthy plants, insects acts as vectors

Question 19

How is tabacco mosaic virus prevented?

Answer 19

Good field hygiene
Pest control
TMV-resistant strains

Question 20

What type of disease is salmonella?

Answer 20

Bacterial disease

Question 21

What is salmonella?

Answer 21

Food poisioning

Question 22

What are the symptoms of salmonella?

Answer 22

Fever 
Abdominal cramps 
Vomiting
Diarrhoea 
- all caused by the bacteria & the toxins they secrete

Question 23

How is salmonella spread?

Answer 23

Spread by the bacteria
Ingested in food
On food prepared on unhygienic conditions
Raw meat & eggs

Question 24

How is salmonella prevented?

Answer 24

Poultry vaccinated against salmonella
Cook meat thoroughly
Keeping raw meat away from cooked food
Wash hands & surfaces when handling it

Question 25

What type of disease is Gonorrhoea?

Answer 25

Bacterial disease

Question 26

What are the symptoms is Gonorrhoea?

Answer 26

Thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis

Pain when urinating

Question 27

How is gonorrhoea spread?

Answer 27

Unprotected sexual contact

Question 28

How is gonorrhoea prevented?

Answer 28

Use of barrier methods of contraception like condoms

Question 29

How was gonorrhoea treated?

Answer 29

The antibiotic penicillian

Question 30

Why isn’t penicillian used to treat all strains of gonorrhoea?

Answer 30

Many resistant strains are developing

Question 31

What type of disease is Rose Black spot?

Answer 31

Fungal disease

Question 32

What does the rose black spot affect?

Answer 32

Rose plants

Question 33

What are the symptoms of Rose Black Spot?

Answer 33

Purple or black spots on the leaves of rose plants

reduces the area of the leaf available for photosynthesis , leaves turn yellow & drop early

Question 34

How is rose black spot spread?

Answer 34

Spread in the environment by water or wind carrying spores of the fungus

Question 35

How is rose black spot prevented?

Answer 35

Use of fungicides

Removing & destroy infected leaves

Question 36

What type of disease is malaria?

Answer 36

Protist disease

Question 37

What are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 37

Fevers

Shaking

Question 38

How is malaria spread?

Answer 38

The vector is the female mosquito, in which the protist reproduces sexually. When the mosquito punctures teh skin to feed on blood, the protoists enter the human bloodstream via the mosquitos saliva.

Question 39

How is malaria prevented?

Answer 39

Using insecticide coated nests while sleeping
Removing stagnant water to prevent the vectors, mosquitos to from breading
Travellers taking antimalarial drugs to kill parasites that enter the blood

Question 40

What are pathogens?

Answer 40

Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases

Question 41

What may bacteria produce & what will these do ?

Answer 41

Bacteria may produce toxins/poisons that damage tissues & make us feel ill