112 Nuclear, biological, and chemical defense Flashcards by Marcos Ramirez

Nato Chemical marker

front - Gas
Name of agent date and time detected
Back- Blank
yellow background red lettering

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NATO biological marker

Front - BIO
Name of agent date and time detected
Back - Blank
Blue background and red lettering

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NATO radiological Marker

Front - atom
Dose rate, date and time of reading, date of burst
Back blank
White background and black lettering

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NATO chemical minefield marker

Front Gas mines
A chemical agent in mine, date of emplacement, front-facing away from the minefield.
back blank
red background and yellow letter with stripe

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what mask is used to protect against chemical and biological agents

M40 field protective mask

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vocal NBC alarm

“GAS” “GAS” “GAS”

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Visual NBC Alarm

“do a Vacanti”

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Percussion NBC alarm

metal on metal striking repeatedly

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what steps do you take to Don and clear a mask

-stop breathing, close mouth and eyes, do not take one last breath
-clear mask with sharp exhale
-cover mask valve with palm and take a breath in to create suction on face
the mask should be donned and cleared and sealed within 9 seconds, additional 6 seconds to don the hood

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what does MOPP stand for

Mission Oriented Protective Posture

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what must be taken into consideration for MOPP levels

balance threat, temperature, and urgency of the mission

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how many levels of MOPP are there

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what is MOPP ready

The gas mask is carried

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what is MOPP 0

marine has all MOPP gear available but not wearing it

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what is MOPP 1

overgarments worn

Booties, mask, and, gloves are worn.

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what is MOPP 2

overgarment and booties are worn.

Mask and gloves are carried

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what is MOPP 3

overgarments, booties, and mask are worn

gloves carried

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what is MOPP 4

all MOPP gear is worn

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how long does it take for the M8 or M9 paper to detect agents

seconds

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how long does it take for the M256A1 to detect agents

15min

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how much and to who is M9 paper issues to

1 per squad

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where is M9 paper worn

wrist, ankles, and biceps

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when M9 paper comes into contact with agents what color does it turn

light pink to reddish-brown or violet

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what is M8 paper issued with

M256A1 detector kit

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what is M8 paper considered

SL-3

what does M8 paper turn to when in contact with agents

Nerve - V - Dark Green Nerve - G - Gold/yellow Blister - H - Pink/red

what are the three types of decon

Immediate Decon Operational Decon Thorough Decon

what is the purpose of immediate decon

minimize casualties, save lives, and limit the spread of contaminates

who is immediate decon done by

individuals

what is the purpose of operational decon

sustain operations reduce contact hazards limit the spread of contaminates

what two types of operational decon are there

vehicle wash down | MOPP gear exchange

what is the purpose of thorough decon

reduces or eliminates the need for MOPP gear

what are the three types of though decon

detailed troop decon detailed equipment decon detailed aircraft decon

what steps are taken with a nuclear attack without a weapon

``` drop facedown behind cover head towards blast close eyes protect or cover skin buy bring hand near or underbody keep helmet on ```

what steps are taken with a nuclear attack with a weapon

drop facedown behind cover head towards blast close eyes protect or cover skin buy bring hand near or underbody place weapon underbody sling tight around arm muzzle away from the face. keep helmet on

how long do you remain down after a nucule blast

90 seconds

how long do you have to react to a chemical or bilogical attack

15 seconds or less.

what do nerve agents interfere with

normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system

describe nerve agents

odorless almost colorless varying in viscosity and volatility

what do nerve agents inhibit

cholinesterase

what are signs and symptoms of never agents

``` vapor - pupil dilation (pinpoint) ``` contact - local muscle twitching rhinorrhea, dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting convulsions, hypersalivation, drowsiness, coma, unconsciousness

what are marines and sailors issues for nerve agents

3 - 2mg autoinjectors of atropine | 3 - 600mg 2-PAM chloride

who long should medical personnel administer atropine

every 15 min until mild atropinization

how long is the autoinjector held in place

at least 10 seconds

when providing buddy aid for nerve agent injuries how is a medication administered

3 sets of nerve agent antidotes in succession

Blister agents are also known as

vesicants

describe the blister of blister agents

large and painful blisters that are incapacitating

what are the common blister agents

HN - Nitrogen Mustard HD - Mustard L - lewisite

who long before mustard gases show

12 to 48 hours

what do Mustard gases attack

eyes, respiratory tract, and skin

what is the treatment for mustard agents

no treatment remove from the area supportive treatment only to reduce itching, pain, and infection

describe HN and HD blister agents

oily, colorless or pale yellow liquids and water-soluble

what areas do mustard gasses most commonly effect

eyes, armpits, groin, face, and neck

what kind of compound is Lewisite

Arsenical

describe lewisite agent

light to dark brown liquid that vaporizes slowly

what type of pain do lewisite cause on contact

intense pain

treatment for lewisites

- flush eyes - sodium sulfacetamide 30% solution to combat eye infection - British anti-lewisite, dimercaprol available in peanut oil suspension for injection

what is the dose for British anti-lewisite, dimercaprol available in peanut oil suspension for injection

3mg per Kg

what do blood agents interfere with

enzyme function in the body (block oxygen transfer)

what are the common blood agents

AC - Hydrocytic acid | CK - cyanogen chloride

what are Sx and Symptom of blood agents

``` death or recovery depending on exposure forceful depth in-breaths violent conclusions 20-30 seconds respitory failure stoppage of heart action within minutes ```

what is the treatment for blood agents

``` amyl nitrate in crushed ampules sodium thiosulfate (theo-sulfate) IV ```

what do blood agents smell like

almonds

what is the max amount of amyl nitrate ampules

what is the does of thiosulfate

100 -200 mg per kg over 9 min

what do choking agents affect

lung tissue, specifically alevorea damage leading to pulmonary edema

what are the choking agents

CG - phosgene CL- chlorine chloropicrin (clor-op-pic-krin) diphosgene (die-fals gene)

what is the most common choking agent

CL - chlorine

what does CG- Phosgene smell like

new-mown hay or freshly cut gas

what are the Signs and Symptoms of choking agents

watering eyes coughing chest tightness

how long do Sx last of choking agent

2-6 hours

what are some late symptoms of choking agents

``` rapid, shallow, and labored breath painful cough cynosis frothy sputum clammy skin rapid pulse low BP ```

what is the treatment for choking agents

mandatory bed rest

what are incapacitating agents

mostly comprised of psycho-chemicals

what do incapacitating agents produce

mental confusion and inability to function intelligently

how are incapacitating agents introduced

food and water or released in aerosols

what are the chartrisgics of the incapacitating agents

high potency attack central nervous system last hours or days

how long before the onset of incapacitating agents

30 min to several days

what do are signs of personnel effected by incapacitating agents

irrational behavior or hallucinations

what are some symptoms of incapacitating agents

dizziness muscular incoordination dry mouth difficulty swallowing

what is the standard incapacitating agent in the US

BZ - 3 quinuclidnyl (quin-clid-nal) benzilate (benz-late)

what type of blocking agent is BZ - 3 quinuclidnyl (quin-clid-nal) benzilate (benz-late)

cholinergic (call-in-er-gic)blocking agent

what is the treatment for incapacitating agents

protecting from injuring themselves and others

what are the drugs treatment for incapacitating agents

glycolate physostigmine not effective in the first 4 hours

what are the two common riot control harrassing agents

CN - chloracetophenone | CS - Orthochlorobenzilidine malononitrile

signs and sx of CS and CN gases

pain to eyes with excessive tearing lasting for 2 hours

what are the vomiting agents

DM DA DC

what do vomiting agents produce

strong pepper like irritation

treatment for vomiting agents

wear the mask vigorous activity mild analgesic

describe white phosphorous

pale, waxy solid that ignites spontaneously when in contact with air

treatment of white phosphorius when contact with skin

cover with water, wet rag or mud .5 solution of copper sulfate to rinse not dress phosphorous particles must be remover surgically