112 Nuclear, biological, and chemical defense Flashcards
Nato Chemical marker
front - Gas
Name of agent date and time detected
Back- Blank
yellow background red lettering
NATO biological marker
Front - BIO
Name of agent date and time detected
Back - Blank
Blue background and red lettering
NATO radiological Marker
Front - atom
Dose rate, date and time of reading, date of burst
Back blank
White background and black lettering
NATO chemical minefield marker
Front Gas mines
A chemical agent in mine, date of emplacement, front-facing away from the minefield.
back blank
red background and yellow letter with stripe
what mask is used to protect against chemical and biological agents
M40 field protective mask
vocal NBC alarm
“GAS” “GAS” “GAS”
Visual NBC Alarm
“do a Vacanti”
Percussion NBC alarm
metal on metal striking repeatedly
what steps do you take to Don and clear a mask
-stop breathing, close mouth and eyes, do not take one last breath
-clear mask with sharp exhale
-cover mask valve with palm and take a breath in to create suction on face
the mask should be donned and cleared and sealed within 9 seconds, additional 6 seconds to don the hood
what does MOPP stand for
Mission Oriented Protective Posture
what must be taken into consideration for MOPP levels
balance threat, temperature, and urgency of the mission
how many levels of MOPP are there
6
what is MOPP ready
The gas mask is carried
what is MOPP 0
marine has all MOPP gear available but not wearing it
what is MOPP 1
overgarments worn
Booties, mask, and, gloves are worn.
what is MOPP 2
overgarment and booties are worn.
Mask and gloves are carried
what is MOPP 3
overgarments, booties, and mask are worn
gloves carried
what is MOPP 4
all MOPP gear is worn
how long does it take for the M8 or M9 paper to detect agents
seconds
how long does it take for the M256A1 to detect agents
15min
how much and to who is M9 paper issues to
1 per squad
where is M9 paper worn
wrist, ankles, and biceps
when M9 paper comes into contact with agents what color does it turn
light pink to reddish-brown or violet
what is M8 paper issued with
M256A1 detector kit
what is M8 paper considered
SL-3
what does M8 paper turn to when in contact with agents
Nerve - V - Dark Green
Nerve - G - Gold/yellow
Blister - H - Pink/red
what are the three types of decon
Immediate Decon
Operational Decon
Thorough Decon
what is the purpose of immediate decon
minimize casualties, save lives, and limit the spread of contaminates
who is immediate decon done by
individuals
what is the purpose of operational decon
sustain operations
reduce contact hazards
limit the spread of contaminates
what two types of operational decon are there
vehicle wash down
MOPP gear exchange
what is the purpose of thorough decon
reduces or eliminates the need for MOPP gear
what are the three types of though decon
detailed troop decon
detailed equipment decon
detailed aircraft decon
what steps are taken with a nuclear attack without a weapon
drop facedown behind cover head towards blast close eyes protect or cover skin buy bring hand near or underbody keep helmet on
what steps are taken with a nuclear attack with a weapon
drop facedown behind cover
head towards blast
close eyes
protect or cover skin buy bring hand near or underbody
place weapon underbody sling tight around arm muzzle away from the face.
keep helmet on
how long do you remain down after a nucule blast
90 seconds
how long do you have to react to a chemical or bilogical attack
15 seconds or less.
what do nerve agents interfere with
normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system
describe nerve agents
odorless
almost colorless
varying in viscosity and volatility
what do nerve agents inhibit
cholinesterase
what are signs and symptoms of never agents
vapor - pupil dilation (pinpoint)
contact -
local muscle twitching
rhinorrhea, dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting convulsions, hypersalivation, drowsiness, coma, unconsciousness
what are marines and sailors issues for nerve agents
3 - 2mg autoinjectors of atropine
3 - 600mg 2-PAM chloride
who long should medical personnel administer atropine
every 15 min until mild atropinization
how long is the autoinjector held in place
at least 10 seconds
when providing buddy aid for nerve agent injuries how is a medication administered
3 sets of nerve agent antidotes in succession
Blister agents are also known as
vesicants
describe the blister of blister agents
large and painful blisters that are incapacitating
what are the common blister agents
HN - Nitrogen Mustard
HD - Mustard
L - lewisite
who long before mustard gases show
12 to 48 hours
what do Mustard gases attack
eyes, respiratory tract, and skin
what is the treatment for mustard agents
no treatment
remove from the area
supportive treatment only to reduce itching, pain, and infection
describe HN and HD blister agents
oily, colorless or pale yellow liquids and water-soluble
what areas do mustard gasses most commonly effect
eyes, armpits, groin, face, and neck
what kind of compound is Lewisite
Arsenical
describe lewisite agent
light to dark brown liquid that vaporizes slowly
what type of pain do lewisite cause on contact
intense pain
treatment for lewisites
- flush eyes
- sodium sulfacetamide 30% solution to combat eye infection
- British anti-lewisite, dimercaprol available in peanut oil suspension for injection
what is the dose for British anti-lewisite, dimercaprol available in peanut oil suspension for injection
3mg per Kg
what do blood agents interfere with
enzyme function in the body (block oxygen transfer)
what are the common blood agents
AC - Hydrocytic acid
CK - cyanogen chloride
what are Sx and Symptom of blood agents
death or recovery depending on exposure forceful depth in-breaths violent conclusions 20-30 seconds respitory failure stoppage of heart action within minutes
what is the treatment for blood agents
amyl nitrate in crushed ampules sodium thiosulfate (theo-sulfate) IV
what do blood agents smell like
almonds
what is the max amount of amyl nitrate ampules
8
what is the does of thiosulfate
100 -200 mg per kg over 9 min
what do choking agents affect
lung tissue, specifically alevorea damage leading to pulmonary edema
what are the choking agents
CG - phosgene
CL- chlorine
chloropicrin (clor-op-pic-krin)
diphosgene (die-fals gene)
what is the most common choking agent
CL - chlorine
what does CG- Phosgene smell like
new-mown hay or freshly cut gas
what are the Signs and Symptoms of choking agents
watering eyes
coughing
chest tightness
how long do Sx last of choking agent
2-6 hours
what are some late symptoms of choking agents
rapid, shallow, and labored breath painful cough cynosis frothy sputum clammy skin rapid pulse low BP
what is the treatment for choking agents
mandatory bed rest
what are incapacitating agents
mostly comprised of psycho-chemicals
what do incapacitating agents produce
mental confusion and inability to function intelligently
how are incapacitating agents introduced
food and water or released in aerosols
what are the chartrisgics of the incapacitating agents
high potency
attack central nervous system
last hours or days
how long before the onset of incapacitating agents
30 min to several days
what do are signs of personnel effected by incapacitating agents
irrational behavior or hallucinations
what are some symptoms of incapacitating agents
dizziness
muscular incoordination
dry mouth
difficulty swallowing
what is the standard incapacitating agent in the US
BZ - 3 quinuclidnyl (quin-clid-nal) benzilate (benz-late)
what type of blocking agent is BZ - 3 quinuclidnyl (quin-clid-nal) benzilate (benz-late)
cholinergic (call-in-er-gic)blocking agent
what is the treatment for incapacitating agents
protecting from injuring themselves and others
what are the drugs treatment for incapacitating agents
glycolate physostigmine not effective in the first 4 hours
what are the two common riot control harrassing agents
CN - chloracetophenone
CS - Orthochlorobenzilidine malononitrile
signs and sx of CS and CN gases
pain to eyes with excessive tearing lasting for 2 hours
what are the vomiting agents
DM
DA
DC
what do vomiting agents produce
strong pepper like irritation
treatment for vomiting agents
wear the mask
vigorous activity
mild analgesic
describe white phosphorous
pale, waxy solid that ignites spontaneously when in contact with air
treatment of white phosphorius when contact with skin
cover with water, wet rag or mud
.5 solution of copper sulfate to rinse not dress
phosphorous particles must be remover surgically
