11.2 - Nomenclature Of Organic Compounds Flashcards
What does saturated mean?
Single bonds only
No more bonds can be added
Alkanes
What is the structure, suffix and prefix/substituent name for carboxylic acids?
R - C = O
\ O-H
- oic
Carboxy -
What is the order of priority of the functional groups?
HIGHEST:
Carboxylic acids
Esters
Amides
Nitriles
Aldehydes
Ketones
Alcohols
Amines
LOWEST
What is the structure, suffix and prefix of esters?
R - C = O
\
O - R’
- oate
alkoxycarbonyl -
What is the structure, suffix and prefix for amides?
R - C = O
\
N - H
\
H
- amide
amido -
What is the structure, suffix and prefix for nitriles?
R−C≡N
- nitrile
cyano -
What is the structure, suffix and prefix for aldehydes?
R - C = O
\
H
The C double bond O and H is always at the end for aldehydes
- al
formyl -
What is the structure, suffix and prefix for ketones?
O
||
R - C - R
C = O is always in the middle of
- one
oxo -
What is the structure, suffix and prefix of alcohols?
R - O - H
- ol
hydroxyl -
What is the structure, suffix and prefix for amines?
R - N - H
\
H
- amine
amino -
What is aliphatic?
A carbon chain that is not branched or that is branched but not in a ring
What is alicyclic?
When the compound forms a ring
What is aromatic?
Benzene -> double bond spreads across
What are alkynes?
Have a carbon triple bond -> has to be at the end of the compound
Definition of functional group?
Part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties
Definition of homologous series?
A family of compounds with the same dunstiona, group and similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a CH2 group
