11.2 Domesticating Animals And Plants

Question 0

They selectively bred two things:

Answer 0

Cereals

Domestication of castles

Question 1

Humans have been able to change the characteristics of some kinds of animals and plants, they have achieved this through…

Answer 1

Selective breeding

Question 2

The most important plant foods grown by early farmers were cereal grasses, this is because the seed brain is rich in starch and can be…

Answer 2

Stored when dry

Question 3

Once early farmers were growing cereal grasses they would notice if some plants produced …

Answer 3

Bigger or better grains than others

They could choose the best grain to be used as seed for next year’s crop - less useful grain would be eaten

Question 4

Humans selected strains of wheat with:

Answer 4

Tall, strong stems

Question 5

Tall stems were preferred because the wheat was harvested by hand, using a sickle and tall strains of wheat were therefore…

Answer 5

Easier to harvest

Question 6

The stalks also needed to be strong because tall wheat with weak stems was more likely to be blown over by wind and rain. This is called:

Answer 6

Lodging

Question 7

Lodging meant that the crop was usually:

Answer 7

Spoiled

Question 8

Recently, harvesting has become more…

Answer 8

Mechanised

Question 9

Wheat is now harvested using machinery rather than by hand. This means that plant breeders have developed strains of wheat that are…

Answer 9

High-yielding, but have much shorter stems because machinery can harvest these easily.

Question 10

Also, short stems are less prone to…

Answer 10

Lodging

Question 11

A further advantage of short stems is that more of the energy from sunlight that the plan harvests in photosynthesis can go towards growth of the grain, that her than growth of the…

Answer 11

Stem

Question 12

Modern cattle have developed from the wild aurochs which were:

Answer 12

Fierce and strong animals with long horns and they would not have been easy to domesticate.

Question 13

Early farmers chose to domesticate ruminants such as cattle for the following reasons:

Answer 13

• They eat grass, which means they digest cellulose. This is a food source that cannot be used by humans directly, so they were not competing with humans for the same food sources.
• They have a HERDING instinct, which makes them easier to manage because they can be rounded up together

Question 14

These animals were artificially selected so that they had:

Answer 14

Shorter horns
Smaller in size
More docile temperament

Question 15

Cattle were important for 2 main things:

Answer 15

Meat

Milk

Question 16

Other uses for their carcass was:

Answer 16

Horns to make tools

Hide to make clothing

Question 17

Cattle four also be used to pull things along such as…

Answer 17

Ploughs

Question 18

Modern cattle can be divided into 2 categories:

Answer 18

Dairy

Beef

Question 19

Dairy cattle have been bred mainly to produce milk. They are usually:

Answer 19

Lean
Fairly fine bones
Larger udders 
Strong feet 
Capable of breeding regularly 
Some produce large volumes of milk

Question 20

Beef cattle have been bred mainly for the production of…

Answer 20

Meat

Question 21

Beef breeds have:

Answer 21

A great deal of muscle tissue, especially around the loins and hindquarters
So much muscle=strong bones and large frames

Question 22

As soon as humans formed settlements, it is likely that dogs would have gathered around the settlement, attracted by the remains of:

Answer 22

Food

Question 23

Studies of DNA show that dogs were domesticated from the wolf but were domesticated several:

Answer 23

Times

Question 24

Selectively bred dogs to:

Answer 24

Bark (frighten off predators)
Look friendlier
Less fierce/vicious

Question 25

Dogs would be used to:

Answer 25

Frighten off predators
Trained to retrieve carcasses when hunting
Follow animal scent trails

Question 26

Some dogs have bred as working dogs to assist with:

Answer 26

Hunting
Rounding up sheep and cattle
Pull sledges/carts
Follow scent trails

Question 27

Other dogs have been bred simply to make good companion animals and features such as:

Answer 27

Ear shape
Fur colour
Temperament