1.1.1c - embedded systems (y12) Flashcards
What is an embedded system?
A computer system built into a device to perform dedicated functions.
Give an example of an embedded system.
Washing machine controller.
How is an embedded system different from a general-purpose computer?
It’s designed for one or few specific tasks.
What kind of operating system do embedded systems typically use?
A minimal or real-time OS.
Why are embedded systems efficient?
They are optimised for their specific purpose.
What’s a key advantage of embedded systems?
Reliability and efficiency for dedicated tasks.
Can embedded systems be reprogrammed?
Often no, they are programmed once (firmware).
Where are embedded systems commonly found?
Cars, appliances, medical devices, industrial machines.
What is firmware?
Permanent software programmed into read-only memory.
Why do embedded systems use low power?
To be energy efficient for small devices.
What is real-time processing?
Responding to inputs instantly and predictably.
Why is real-time processing important?
Crucial in systems where timing is critical (e.g. airbags).
What is meant by deterministic behaviour in embedded systems?
They always respond in a predictable way.
Are embedded systems multi-tasking?
Usually not, they handle specific tasks only.
How do embedded systems handle input/output?
Through dedicated sensors and actuators.
What type of memory is common in embedded systems?
ROM and flash memory.
Why is ROM important in embedded systems?
It stores the permanent firmware.
What’s the benefit of small code size in embedded systems?
Requires less memory and power.
Why do embedded systems have minimal user interfaces?
They are designed to operate automatically.
How are embedded systems updated?
Via firmware updates, if supported.
Can embedded systems connect to networks?
Some can, e.g. IoT devices.
What is an example of a safety-critical embedded system?
Pacemaker or anti-lock braking system.
What is modular design in embedded systems?
Breaking into functional parts for efficiency and reuse.
Why are embedded systems often written in C or assembly?
For close hardware control and efficiency.
