11.1- What Is Electricity? Flashcards
Learn about atomic structure, electric charge, +, - and neutral objects, Law of Electric Charges
Atoms contain small particles called _____, _____, and ______.
Protons, electrons, and neutrons.
What’s an electric charge?
A form of charge that’s either positive or negative that exerts an electric force
Protons and neutrons are located where in the atom and why?
Nucleus because they’re held their by strong forces. They cant be removed from the atom.
Electrons are located where in the atom?
Outside of the nucleus surrounding it. They can be added or removed from atoms.
If an atom has the same # of protons and electrons, the atom has a negative charge? T or F
The positive and negative charges balance each other out and the atom has no overall charge making it neutral.
NEGATIVE ION:
Gained 1 more electron
POSITIVE ION:
Atom that has lost 1 or more electrons making it positively charged.
How can an overall electric charge be determined?
By comparing the # of electron and proton symbols in an object.
A NEUTRAL OBJECT is an object that has:
An equal # of electrons and protons
A NEGATIVELY CHARGED OBJECT is an object that has:
More electrons then protons.
A POSTIVELY CHARGED OBJECT is an object that has:
Fewer electrons than protons
Objects become charged when electrons are ____ to or from an object.
transferred
Neutral or positively charged objects that gains electrons becomes _______. 2 words
NEGATIVELY CHARGED
What’s a pith ball electroscope?
A device that’s used to detect the presence of an electric charge, whether its positive or negative. This is done by bringing an object near the neutral pith ball. If the object is charged, the pitch ball will be attracted to it.
A charged object exerts what?
It exerts an ELECTRIC FORCE that’s either a:
- ATTRACTIVE FORCE: pulling together
OR
REPULSIVE FORCE: pushing apart. Ex. on pg. 468
What’s the LAW OF ELECTRIC CHARGES?
- objects that have like charges repel each other
- objects that have opposite charges attract each other
Induced charge separation def.
A shift in the position of electrons in a neutral object that occurs when a charged object is brought near it
When a charged object is brought near a neutral object, what happens? What happens if its positively charged? Negatively charged?
The electrons in the neutral object shift in position. If the object is + charged, the electrons in the neutral object will move toward it. If it’s - charged, it’ll cause the electrons in the neutral object to move away from it.
*Even though theres a shift in the position of electrons, the neutral object won’t gain or lose electrons. As soon as the charged object is moved away from the neutral object, it’ll return to its original positon.
What’s a metal electrsocpe used for and what does it do?
It’s used to detect electric charges. When a - charged object is brought near the electroscope, electrons are transferred into the leaves. This causes both leaves to repel until the charged object is removed. Pg.469
What are the 3 ways of charging an object?
Friction, contact, induction
Charging by friction:
Transfer of electrons between 2 neutral objects made from diff. materials, that occurs when they’re rubbed together or come in contact.
The material that LOSES E-‘s has a _____.2 words
Positive charge
What is the electrostatic series?
A list of materials in order of increasing tendency to gain electrons. Further down u go on the list, materials increase in their tendency to gain electrons
If 2 materials are rubbed together, the material thats higher on the series will lose electrons easier, making it + charged. Material that’s lower on the list will gain electrons better and become - charged. T or F?
True.
