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Ch.11 Static Electricity > 11.1- What Is Electricity? > Flashcards

11.1- What Is Electricity? Flashcards

Learn about atomic structure, electric charge, +, - and neutral objects, Law of Electric Charges

1
Q

Atoms contain small particles called _____, _____, and ______.

A

Protons, electrons, and neutrons.

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2
Q

What’s an electric charge?

A

A form of charge that’s either positive or negative that exerts an electric force

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3
Q

Protons and neutrons are located where in the atom and why?

A

Nucleus because they’re held their by strong forces. They cant be removed from the atom.

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4
Q

Electrons are located where in the atom?

A

Outside of the nucleus surrounding it. They can be added or removed from atoms.

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5
Q

If an atom has the same # of protons and electrons, the atom has a negative charge? T or F

A

The positive and negative charges balance each other out and the atom has no overall charge making it neutral.

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6
Q

NEGATIVE ION:

A

Gained 1 more electron

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7
Q

POSITIVE ION:

A

Atom that has lost 1 or more electrons making it positively charged.

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8
Q

How can an overall electric charge be determined?

A

By comparing the # of electron and proton symbols in an object.

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9
Q

A NEUTRAL OBJECT is an object that has:

A

An equal # of electrons and protons

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10
Q

A NEGATIVELY CHARGED OBJECT is an object that has:

A

More electrons then protons.

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11
Q

A POSTIVELY CHARGED OBJECT is an object that has:

A

Fewer electrons than protons

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12
Q

Objects become charged when electrons are ____ to or from an object.

A

transferred

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13
Q

Neutral or positively charged objects that gains electrons becomes _______. 2 words

A

NEGATIVELY CHARGED

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14
Q

What’s a pith ball electroscope?

A

A device that’s used to detect the presence of an electric charge, whether its positive or negative. This is done by bringing an object near the neutral pith ball. If the object is charged, the pitch ball will be attracted to it.

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15
Q

A charged object exerts what?

A

It exerts an ELECTRIC FORCE that’s either a:
- ATTRACTIVE FORCE: pulling together
OR
REPULSIVE FORCE: pushing apart. Ex. on pg. 468

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16
Q

What’s the LAW OF ELECTRIC CHARGES?

A
  • objects that have like charges repel each other

- objects that have opposite charges attract each other

17
Q

Induced charge separation def.

A

A shift in the position of electrons in a neutral object that occurs when a charged object is brought near it

18
Q

When a charged object is brought near a neutral object, what happens? What happens if its positively charged? Negatively charged?

A

The electrons in the neutral object shift in position. If the object is + charged, the electrons in the neutral object will move toward it. If it’s - charged, it’ll cause the electrons in the neutral object to move away from it.

*Even though theres a shift in the position of electrons, the neutral object won’t gain or lose electrons. As soon as the charged object is moved away from the neutral object, it’ll return to its original positon.

19
Q

What’s a metal electrsocpe used for and what does it do?

A

It’s used to detect electric charges. When a - charged object is brought near the electroscope, electrons are transferred into the leaves. This causes both leaves to repel until the charged object is removed. Pg.469

20
Q

What are the 3 ways of charging an object?

A

Friction, contact, induction

21
Q

Charging by friction:

A

Transfer of electrons between 2 neutral objects made from diff. materials, that occurs when they’re rubbed together or come in contact.

22
Q

The material that LOSES E-‘s has a _____.2 words

A

Positive charge

23
Q

What is the electrostatic series?

A

A list of materials in order of increasing tendency to gain electrons. Further down u go on the list, materials increase in their tendency to gain electrons

24
Q

If 2 materials are rubbed together, the material thats higher on the series will lose electrons easier, making it + charged. Material that’s lower on the list will gain electrons better and become - charged. T or F?

A

True.

25
Q

Charging objects by conduction/contact: def

A

2 objects w diff. amounts of electric charge come in contact and electrons transfer. Electrons move from the object that has a larger negative charge (more electrons) to the object that has a smaller negative charge (less electrons).

26
Q

What is grounding ?

A

Objects that have left over electric charge, that can have the excess charged removed.

27
Q

When + charged object is grounded, electrons transfer from ground and travel to the + charged object until that positve charged object has become neutral. T or F?

A

T

28
Q

When - charged object is grounded, electrons transfer from the object to the ground until object is neutral. T or F?

A

T

29
Q

What’s a conductor?

A

Material that allows electrons to move freely and the charge is redistributed over the surface.

30
Q

What’s an insulator?

A

Material that doesnt allow electrons to move freely. No redistribution of charge and the charge stays in place.

31
Q

What’s an example of a conductor?

A

Metals can be used in wiring that’s in electric cords for appliances such as lamps and television.

32
Q

What’s an example of an insulator?

A

Plastic that’s used to coat electric wires. Plastic insulator around a copper wire prevents electrons from escaping the conductor. This way a discharge of electrons is avoided.

33
Q

Charging objects by induction: def

A

Charging a neutral object by bringing another charged object close to it without having both objects touch.

34
Q

What are the 2 diff. types of charged inductions?

A

Charged objects temporarily by induction and charged objects permanently by induction.

35
Q

Charging objects temporarily by induction is what?

A

When a charged object is brought near a neutral object and causes the electrons to shift in the neutral object. Resulting in an uneven distribution of charges. This is temporary, once the charged object is taken away, the electrons in the neutral object will go back to the original position.

36
Q

Charging objects permanently by induction is what? Ex.?

A

An object can be permanently charged by induction by grounding the neutral object. Charged ebonite rod is brought near neutral pitch ball. Electrons in the pith ball are repelled and becomes temporarily negatively charged on it’s right side. To make the pith ball permanently positively charged, attach a ground wire to the pith ball. All the repelled electrons on the right side of the pith ball go through the ground wire and into the ground. Causing the pith ball to remain permanently positively charged.

37
Q

What is static electricity?

A

An imbalance of electrons on the surface of an object

38
Q

Induced charge separation: def

A

Shift in position of electrons in a neutral object when a charged object is brought near it

Ch.11 Static Electricity (2 decks)

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