1.11 supernatural and religious ideas

Question 1

Three things believed to be a cause of disease in the medieval period (3)

Answer 1

• God
• Witches and spirits
• Astrology

Question 2

Many people thought that illness was God’s will, this meant that… (1)

Answer 2

If someone did something bad (committed a sin), God could punish them with illness.

Question 3

What was a religiously thing that was thought to be a way to make a person better after an illness/disease? (2)

Answer 3

• Prayer

- Repentance

Question 4

To repent for bad deeds, many used.. (2)

Answer 4

• Prayers

- Flagellation

Question 5

How did some people think that supernatural spirits caused disease? (1)

Answer 5

By living inside of the person therefore causing disease

Question 6

What supernatural beings were thought to be responsible for some diseases spreading across a town? (1)

Answer 6

Witches

Question 7

Astrology was first used in Arabic medicine but it was used in Europe after..? (1)

Answer 7

The year 1100

Question 8

How did doctors use astrology to diagnose and treat patients? (2)

Answer 8

• Star signs

- An almanac (calendar showing planetary movements)

Question 9

What is astrology?

Answer 9

How the stars and planets are aligned

Question 10

What did the church perform on people to remove the spirits which caused sickness? (1)

Answer 10

Excorcisms

Question 11

What was viewed as the most important kind of treament? (1)

Answer 11

Prayer

Question 12

What were other religious ways that people believed could cure illness? (2)

Answer 12

• Pilgrimages to relics

- The resting place of saints

Question 13

Why did the church believe that God was the one that cured illness? (1)

Answer 13

They believed illness was due to supernatural causes.

Question 14

What did the church allow dissections on?

Answer 14

Criminals who had been executed

Question 15

What did the church not allowing dissections mean could not be corrected? (2)

Answer 15

Galen’s mistaken beliefs about anatomy that there were:

• holes in the heart
• blood was absorbed not circulated

Question 16

How did religion and superstition impact progress?

Answer 16

It slowed it down

Question 17

What do some historians argue that caused funds to be diverted from hospitals and health towards war? (1)

Answer 17

The churches encouragement of the crusades

Question 18

What was the plus side of the Crusades? (1)

Answer 18

Western Europeans met Islamic doctors which meant that ideas from the Islamic Empire could be used in Europe

Question 19

Why did the monks try to copy and preserve medical texts? (1)

Answer 19

Many Ancient Roman and Greek texts were lost when the Roman Empire fell.

Question 20

What began to be caused by people questioning the Church’s reliance on old books? (1)

Answer 20

Dissent (the holding or expression of opinions at variance with those commonly or officially held)

Question 21

Which monk was arrested for challenging ancient books and in what year? (2)

Answer 21

Roger Bacon in the 1200s

Question 22

By following Jesus’ example, what did Christians believe it was their duty to do? (1)

Answer 22

Helping the sick

- ‘He who oppresses the poor taunts his Maker, but he who is gracious honours him’ Proverbs 14:31

Question 23

Monasteries were usually..? (3)

Answer 23

• Hygienic
• Had clean water
• Had good sewage facilities

Question 24

Due to their religious beliefs, the church promoted the creation of,,? (1)

Answer 24

Hospitals

Question 25

Who funded hospitals? (1)

Answer 25

• The Church

- Aristocratic patrons

Question 26

As a result of the church funding hospitals, who were they usually overseen by? (1)

Answer 26

Priests not doctors

Question 27

What were hospitals designed for? (1)

Answer 27

Looking after the sick not treating or healing them

Question 28

Most medicine in the medieval times could be described as? (1) give an example (1)

Answer 28

Palliative (designed to relieve symptoms not cure illness)

-People with leprosy were isolated in ‘lazar houses’

Question 29

What was founded in London to look after those with mental illness?

Answer 29

Bedlam in 1247