1.1.1 Differences in achievement key words Flashcards
What does ‘WC’ mean?
Working-class.
What does ‘MC’ mean?
Middle-class.
What does ‘FSM’ mean?
Free school meals.
What does ‘meritocracy’ mean?
A system which success & status depend primarily on individual talents, abilities, & effort, basis of their merits.
What does ‘social mobility’ mean?
The shift in an individual’s social status from one status to another.
What does ‘social segregation’ mean?
The process of separating socially similar individuals into distinct neighborhoods or communities based on factors such as race, ethnicity, or income levels.
What is ‘further education’?
Required education until 18 years of age ; usually sixth form or college
What is ‘higher education’?
Post-graduate qualifications, mainly university.
What does ‘social deprivation’ mean?
It refers to the state of lacking access to resources & opportunities that are necessary for social well-being.
What does ‘education attainment’ mean?
It refers to the highest level of education completed by either the parents or the individual.
What does ‘material deprivation’ mean?
The inability to afford basic resources and services such as sufficient food & heating.
What does ‘cultural deprivation’ mean?
Where a person has inferior norms, values, skills & knowledge.
What does ‘cultural capital mean’?
The social assets of a person that can be used to increase one’s chances of success in life.
What does ‘intellectual development’ mean?
The development of language acquisition, problem solving, learning new skills & the development of thought processes.
What does ‘subcultural beliefs’ mean?
Values & norms distinct from those of the majority and are held by a group within a wider society.
What does ‘present-time orientation’ mean?
Seeing the present as more important than the future & so not having long-term goals or plans and living in the present.
What does ‘future-time orientation’ mean?
A motivational concept of future thinking, focusing on individuals’ future events and the impact on behavior & decision-making regarding the future.
What does ‘immediate gratification mean’?
The act of demanding/wanting pleasure now, rather than waiting for better quality rewards later.
What does ‘deferred gratification’ mean?
The ability to resist the temptation of an immediate reward in favor of a more valuable and long-lasting reward later.
What does ‘fatalism’ mean?
A group of individuals who believe that their destinies are ruled by an unseen power so they cant change the end results of events.
What does ‘activism’ mean?
A proactive approach or belief where individuals are encouraged to make effort and put in effort to improve status.
What does ‘collectivism’ mean?
A cultural pattern where individuals prioritize the goals of a collective group, such as family, tribe, or nation, over their personal goals.
What does ‘individualism’ mean?
Individualists promote realizing one’s goals and desires, valuing independence and self-reliance, & advocating that the interests of the individual should gain precedence over the state or a social group.
