11.1 Flashcards
What is a genotype?
The combination of alleles.
What does homozygous mean?
2 of the same.
What does heterozygous mean?
Each is different.
What is a phenotype?
The physical trait.
What is a genotypic ratio?
How many of each allele combination there is.
What is a phenotypic ratio?
How many of each trait there is.
What does dominant mean?
The allele that only needs one to affect the trait.
What does recessive mean?
2 of the alleles are needed to affect the trait.
What does codominant mean?
Both alleles are expressed equally so one of each creates a new trait.
How did Mendel set up his genetic experiments?
He used pea plants and studied their offspring
How does a test cross work?
Breed unknown dominant with homozygous recessive.
Genotypic ratio for FF x ff
4 Ff
Genotypic ratio for Ff x Ff
1 FF : 2 Ff : 1 ff
Phenotypic ratio for long hair (dominant) and short hair (recessive) when Ff x ff
1 long hair : 3 short hair
Genotypic ratio for W (white), R (red), WR (roan) when WW x RR
4 roan
Phenotypic ratio for W (white), R (red), WR (roan) when WR x WR
1 white : 2 roan : 1 red
There is 1 offspring with GG, 2 with Gg, and 1 with gg, what were the parents?
Gg x Gg
There is 1 offspring with Gg, and 3 with gg, what were the parents?
Gg x gg
What did Mendel start with?
A true-breeding purple plant and a true-breeding white plant.
What was the ratio in F1 in Mendel’s experiment?
4 purple.
What was the ratio in F2?
3 purple : 1 white
