11.1 -11.5

Question 1

Define the term general formula

Answer 1

• an algebraic formula that can be applied to chemicals, in the ‘family’

Question 2

Define the term molecular formula

Answer 2

• the actual number of atoms in a molecule or element

Question 3

Define the term empirical formula

Answer 3

• the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

Question 4

Define the term structural formula

Answer 4

• the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds

Question 5

Define the term skeletal formula

Answer 5

• shows the bond of the carbon skeleton only. Hydrogen and carbon atoms are not shown but functional groups are

Question 6

Define displayed formula

Answer 6

• the arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds and atoms in the molecule

Question 7

Define the term homologous series

Answer 7

• a group of compounds that have the same functional group and general formula

Question 8

What is the suffix for alkanes

Answer 8

-ane

Question 9

What is the suffix for (branched) alkanes

Answer 9

• alkyl-
  E.g methyl, propyl etc

Question 10

What is the suffix for alkenes

Answer 10

-ene

Question 11

What is the suffix for alcohols

Answer 11

-ol

Question 12

What is the suffix for aldehydes

Answer 12

-al

Question 13

What is the suffix for ketones

Answer 13

-one

Question 14

What is the suffix for carboxylic acids

Answer 14

-oic acid

Question 15

What is the prefix for haloalkanes

Answer 15

• fluoro-/chloro-/bromo-/iodo-

Question 16

What is the prefix & suffix for cycloalkanes

Answer 16

• cyclo- -ane

Question 17

What is the prefix & suffix for esters

Answer 17

• alkyl- -anoate

Question 18

How many type of carbon skeletons are there

Answer 18

• 2

Question 19

What are the 2 type of carbon skeleton

Answer 19

• aromatic
• aliphatic

Question 20

What are aromatic compounds

Answer 20

• compounds containing a benzene ring

Question 21

What are aliphatic compounds

Answer 21

• straight branched or non aromatic chains

Question 22

What are alicyclic compounds

Answer 22

• rings that are NOT aromatic

Question 23

Name this compound

Answer 23

3- mehtylbutan-1,1-diol

Question 24

What do mechanism show

Answer 24

• the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction

Question 25

What do curly arrows show in mechanisms

Answer 25

- the movement of a pair of electrons

Question 26

Define the term bond fission

Answer 26

- the breaking of covalent bonds

Question 27

What are the two types of bond fission

Answer 27

- homolytic and heterolytic

Question 28

Define heterolytic fission

Answer 28

- The breaking of a covalent bond where the pair of electrons are distributed unequally to form 2 different ions (cation and anion)

Question 29

Define homolytic fission

Answer 29

- The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom forming two radicals

Question 30

Define the term structural isomers

Answer 30

- have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 31

What are the 3 types of structural isomers

Answer 31

1) Chain 2) Positional 3) Functional group

Question 32

Define chain isomers

Answer 32

- same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton

Question 33

Draw a chain isomers for pentane

Answer 33

- 2-methylbutane

Question 34

Define positional isomers

Answer 34

- same molecular formula but different position of the functions group

Question 35

Draw a positional isomer for pentan-1-ol

Answer 35

- Pentan-2-ol

Question 36

Define functional group isomers

Answer 36

- same molecular formula but a different functional group

Question 37

Draw a functional group isomer for pent-1-ene

Answer 37

- cyclopentane