1.10 Energy Storage Flashcards
Explain two reasons why facilities like that shown in Fig. 2 are necessary. {4}
- Wind, wave and solar energy are unreliable. They will produce more energy
than is required at times. Energy storage provides a way to store unused
energy. - Wind, wave, solar and tidal energy are intermittent. The supply of renewable
energy does not meet demand. Energy storage facilities can be used to
generate electricity when the supply from renewable sources is not sufficient.
State one problem associated with generating electricity
from ocean waves. {1}
Any one from;
• Intermittency of wave energy sources.
• Reliability of wave energy sources.
Renewable energy sources have the potential to deliver a
significant proportion of our energy needs in the future. State one main reason
why energy storage facilities are needed in order for us to make optimum use of
renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, wave and tidal. {1}
Energy supplies from renewable energy sources (e.g. wind, solar, wave, tidal)
tend to be unreliable or intermittent. {1}
There are significant wind energy resources available
in and around Northern Ireland. State one main reason why we need good
energy storage facilities if we are to make optimum use of the available wind
energy resources. {1}
Energy supplies from renewable souorces (wind/solar/tidal) tend to be
unreliable and/or intermittent {1}.
The figure below is a diagram of a hydropower
scheme. Complete the figure by labelling X and Y. {2}
X = Lower reservoir. {1}
Y = Dam {1}
Identify the type of energy storage facility shown in
the figure above and describe how the system operates. {4}
Pumped hydro storage. {1}
It utilises renewable energy to pump water up to the high dam / reservoir. {1}
It uses the gravity fed water supply to turn turbines {1} whenever there is a lull in
renewable power {1}.
State one other method of energy storage. {1}
Compressed air energy storage (CAES) {1}
The flow diagram shown in the figure below illustrates the
stages of a typical Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system. In the
space provided, outline the operation of the system making reference to each
stage. {5}
Answer;
Energy from a renewable energy resource can be stored during periods of low
energy demand (off peak) {1}.
Air is compressed by an electrically powered compressor {1}
And stored in mass quantity in an underground cavern {1}
For use in meeting periods of higher (peak load) {1}
When there is a demand the compressed air is released to drive a turbine
connected to a generator to produce electricity. {1}
Name the type of energy storage facility shown in the figure above and describe
how the system operates.
Type of facility {1}
Description. {4}
Name; Pumped Hydro Energy Storage {1}
Description; During off peak (low demand) times, renewable electricity from the
grid is used to power pumps {1}
Which pump water from a lower reservoir to an upper reservoir {1}.
When demand increases te water from the upper reservoir is released down a
pipe under high pressure {1}
This then spins turbines which drive generators to produce electricity {1}.
(i) Name the type of energy storage facility shown in Fig. 4 above. {1}
Compressed Air Energy Storage.
(ii) Wither reference to Fig.4 describe how the system operates. {4}
At times of low demand (off peak) electrical energy from a renewable energy
source {1} compresses air for storage in an underground store / tavern.
At times of high demand air is released to the surface and heated using gas to
expand its volume {1}; and is then used to drive a turbine creating electricity {1}.
Identify the type of facility shown in Fig. 2. {1}
Pumped hydro energy storage. {1]
With reference to Fig. 2, describe how the facility operates. {3}
Potential energy is stored in the upper reservoir in the form of water. [1] During
periods of peak demand for electricity this water is released to flow through the
generator to produce electric power. [1]
Water is pumped back to the upper reservoir during periods of low demand in
readiness for the next cycle. [1]
(i) Name the energy storage facility shown in Fig. 3. {1}
(ii) Name component A shown in Fig. 3. {1}
(iii) Name substance B shown in Fig. 3. {1}
(iv) Describe how the energy storage facility in Fig. 3 operates. {4}
(i) Compressed air energy storage/CAES {1}
(ii) Compressor {1}
(iii) Compressed air {1}
(iv) At times of low demand (off-peak), electrical energy from a renewable
energy source [1] compresses air for storage in an underground store/ cavern
[1].
At times of high demand, air is released to the surface [1] and heated using gas
to expand its volume. It is then used to drive a turbine to generate electricity. [1]
Pumped hydro energy storage is another type of energy storage facility.
Discuss two features of locations for pumped hydro energy storage that are
required to make it cost-effective.
1. _____________________ {2}
2. _____________________ {2}
(b) Any two features from:
1. Availability of existing water facilities (lakes/reservoirs) [1] to avoid the
need for excavation with associated costs and environmental impact. [1]
2. A suitable head height [1] so that there is sufficient potential energy
stored in the upper facility to drive a turbine and generate electricity. [1]
3. Proximity to transmission lines. The facility needs to connect to the grid
as cheaply as possible. [1] Installing new transmission networks
causes environmental and social issues as well as adding to cost. [1]
State three factors that would make a potential location both
beneficial as well as cost effective for the type of energy storage facility shown
below. {3}
Any three factors from;
• Availability of existing lakes / reservoirs. {1}
• Suitable topography – good height difference (‘head’) between lower and
upper reservoirs. {1}
• Proximity to high voltage power transmission network. {1}
• Accessibility for construction, operation and maintenance. {1}
State two factors that would make a potential location
both beneficial as well as cost effective for the type of energy storage facility
shown in Fig. 4. {2}
Any two factors from;
* Availability of existing underground caverns. {1}
* Availability of natural gas supply. {1}
* Proximity of high voltage power transmission network. {1}
(d) Name one other type of energy storage facility. {1}
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage. {1}
