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Physics OCR A Level > 11 Waves > Flashcards

11 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a progressive wave

A

an oscillation that travels through matter (or in some cases a vacuum), transferring energy from one place to another, but not transferring any matter

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2
Q

Two examples of progressive waves

A

Transverse and longitudinal

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3
Q

What is a transverse wave

A

With a transverse wave the direction of oscillation of a wave is perpendicular to the direction of the motion of the wave

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4
Q

Give 4 examples of transverse waves

A

.Waves on the surface of water
. Any Electromagnetic wave
. Waves on stretched strings
. S- waves produced in earthquakes

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5
Q

What are peaks and troughs and on what type of wave do they apply to

A

Apply to transverse waves-
Peaks- where the oscillating particles are at a maximum displacement from their equilibrium position (max positive displacement)
Trough- where the oscillating particles are at a maximum displacement from their equilibrium position (max negative displacement)

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6
Q

What is a longitudinal wave

A

With a longitudinal wave the direction of oscillation of a wave is parallel to the direction of motion of the wave

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7
Q

Give 2 examples of longitudinal waves

A

. Sound waves
. P- waves produced in earthquakes

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8
Q

What type of wave produces compressions and rarefactions

A

Longitudinal waves

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9
Q

Def:Displacement of a wave

A

Distance from the equilibrium position in a particular direction;a vector, so it can have either a positive or negative value

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10
Q

Def:Amplitude

A

Maximum displacement from the equilibrium position (can be positive or negative)

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11
Q

Def:Wavelength

A

Minimum distance between two points in phase on adjacent waves, for example, the distance from peak to the next or from one compression to the next.

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12
Q

Def:Period of oscillation

A

The time taken for one oscillation or time taken for wave to move one whole wavelength past a given point

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13
Q

Def:Frequency

A

The number of wavelengths passing a given point per unit time

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14
Q

Def:Wave speed

A

The distance travelled by the wave per unit time

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15
Q

The wave equation

A

v=f λ

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16
Q

Frequency equation

A

f=1/T

17
Q

Wave profile

A

A graph showing the displacement of the particles in the wave against the distance along the wave (displacement-distance graphs)

18
Q

What can the wave profile be used to determine

A

The wavelength and amplitude of both types of wave

19
Q

Phase difference

A

Phase difference describes the difference between the displacements of particles along a wave, or the difference between the displacements of particles in different waves

20
Q

Antiphase

A

Particles are oscillating completely out of step with each other (one reaches its maximum positive displacement as the other reachers its maximum negative displacement). Phase difference of 180°, or π radians

21
Q

What can a graph of displacement against time be used to determine

A

Period T and amplitude of both types of waves (longitudinal and transverse)

22
Q

Reflection

A

Reflection occurs when a wave changes direction at a boundary between two different media, remaining in the original medium

23
Q

Law of reflection

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

24
Q

What does not change during reflection

A

The wavelength and frequency

25
Q

Refraction

A

Occurs when a wave changes direction as it changes speed when it passes from one medium to another.

26
Q

Partial reflection

A

When a wave refracts there is always some reflection off the surface

27
Q

What will cause the wave refracting towards the normal/ away from the normal

A

If the wave slows down it will refract towards the normal, if it speeds up it refracts away from the normal.

28
Q

What properties change during refraction

A

Refraction has an effect on the wavelength of the wave, but not its frequency.

29
Q

Refraction- What happens to the wavelength and frequency when a wave slows down

A

Wavelength decreases and frequency remains unchanged

Physics OCR A Level (6 decks)

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