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IFSTA Truck Company Skills and Tactics > 11 Ventilation Size Up > Flashcards

11 Ventilation Size Up Flashcards

1
Q

pg 286

Tactical ventilation

A

Methodical thought out approach to changing the vent profile of a structure.

any action on the part of firefighters to ventilate a structure- from opening doors and breaking windows to setting up ventilation fans - tactical ventilation efforts because they are done with intent and purpose.

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2
Q

pg 286

Natural ventilation profiles

A

composed of factors that occur without outside intervention.

Any efforts or actions taken by firefighters are tactical vent, because they are done with intent and purpose

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3
Q

pg 286

Decisions on how to implement tactical ventilation efforts should be determined by

A

The IC

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4
Q

pg 287

Ventilation contributes to incident stabilization by (3)

A

Improving visibility
and releasing heat,
allowing attack crews to locate and control fire

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5
Q

pg 287

Vent contributes to property conservation by

A

Drawing heat and fire out and away from other parts of the building, reducing property loss

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6
Q

pg 302

Whenever possible, vent should take advantage of

A

Natural ventilation, implemented in concert with existing atmospheric conditions.

note: if conditions allow natural ventilation is the best option because it requires no additional personnel or equipment to set up and maintain.

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7
Q

pg 303

In some situations, natural vent may be inadequate and therefore what must be used

A

Mechanical ventilation, aka forced ventilation, using fans, blowers, smoke ejectors and hydro vent/ hose streams

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8
Q

pg 300

Ventilation crew must get into position and be ready to make the ventilation opening as soon as:

A

forcible entry is completed and rescue and attack crews are ready to enter.

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9
Q

pg 289
In their zeal to do the best possible job, fire fighters assigned to ventilate a burning building sometimes develop tunnel vision. Therefore FF must be trained to quickly but thoroughly size up the situation. Some agencies use the simple approach: (3)

A

What do we have, (situation)
What are we going to do (actions/ tactics)
What do we need (resources)

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10
Q

pg 289

Four stages of fire development

A

Incipient
growth
Fully developed
Decay

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11
Q

pg 289

Fire is fuel controlled during what stages of fire development

A

Incipient and early growth stages

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12
Q

pg 289

Introducing air into a fuel controlled compartment will

A

Initially slow the progression to flashover by removing hot gasses and cooling interior, but will grow soon if not controlled

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13
Q

pg 289

Fire is likely to become vent controlled during what stages of development,

A

Through growth stage and toward fully developed

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14
Q

pg 290

From a size up perspective, one of the most important indicators of fire conditions inside is

A

The behavior of visible smoke outside

smoke behavior that FFs should look for when sizing up a working structure fire are:

  • smoke volume
  • smoke color and density
  • Air flow (pressure)
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15
Q

pg 290

In regard to breathing smoke, firefighters should

A

Never breathe smoke

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16
Q

pg 291

Whitish great smoke generally indicates what type of fire

A

Celluloid or class A materials burning is oxygen abundant atmosphere

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17
Q

pg 291

Black smoke is an indicator of

A

hydrocarbons such as Petroleum based products, plastics, anything burning in oxygen limited environment.

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18
Q

291

Two categories of smoke density

A

Optical density and opacity

Physical density

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19
Q

pg 291

Optical density and opacity

A

How difficult it is to see through smoke

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20
Q

pg 291

Physical density of smoke

A

How buoyant the smoke is. If it’s quick rising- buoyant. Related to temperature of smoke.

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21
Q

pg 292

Light haze of smoke lazily moving on the top floor could indicate

A

Intense attic fire

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22
Q

pg 293

For vent purposes, size up the following four critical building construction factors should be considered:

A
  • Age and type of building
  • Positive construction features
  • Negative construction features
  • Occupancy specific construction features
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23
Q

pg 293

When burned by fire, full dimension lumber behaves how in comparison to nominal dimension lumber

A

Full dimension holds its strength better than Normal. But because it’s older and therefore dryer, is more susceptible to ignition than newer nominal.

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24
Q

pg 295

Although lightweight and cost effective construction methods are used to save money, they often increase

A

Increase collapse potential because of longer spans and enclosed void spaces with structural members having more surface area or mass ratios

25
Q

pg 295

Positive construction features

A 
tend to resist effects of fire, reduce spread, and reduce collapse potential. 
Steel members
Self closing fire doors
Sprinklers
Built in fire suppression 
Smoke vents,
Elevator shafts
26
Q

pg 296
Built in fire suppression systems (3)
non sprinkled

A

Halogenated system,
Co2
Dry chem
note: Protect single compartment like hood over stove or computer bank

27
Q

pg 298

Elevator shafts can be a ventilation hinderance and benefit because

A

Hinderance when providing avenue for fire and smoke spread to other levels
Benefit when providing a means to vent thought passing through other floors

28
Q

pg 298

Ideally, roofs with panelized systems or other systems prone to early collapse should have

A

Automatic smoke vents, thereby preventing firefighters from walking on dangerous roof surfaces to vertical vent

29
Q

pg 298

Firefighters should frequently visit and pre plan buildings undergoing modification because

A

They will be familiar with changes and possible hinderance to operations and Id ways to mitigate the problem.

30
Q

pg 298

Negative building features are (definition)

A

Ones that do not resist effects of fire, promote fire spread, increase collapse potential, and make entry more difficult.

31
Q

pg 298

Negative building features

A 
Elevator shafts
Synthetic materials
Planters and other landscape features
Security measures
Occupancy related features
32
Q

pg 299

Planters and other landscape features can be a hinderance to firefighting because

A

They may keep apparatus further from building and make placement of ladders difficult.

33
Q

pg 300
Establishing and maintaining the required level of coordination, demands that everyone on the fire ground know and understand what

A

The incident action plan. IAP and how it affects each part of the operation

34
Q

pg 300

Coordinating vent with rescue and fire attack generally involves three components

A

Timing,
Location
Method

35
Q

pg 300
Deciding where to created the ventilation opening is often dictated by where the fire is located in the building and the stage of fire development. In general the ventilation opening should be made as close to the seat of the fire as safely possible. Some factors that have a bearing on where to ventilate include the following: (10)

A 
Location of fire
Location of occupants
interior and exterior exposures
Type of construction
Purpose or use of occupancy
Extend of fire progression
Condition of building and contents
Existing openings, skylights, vents, monitors
Direction and velocity of wind
Resource availability and capability
36
Q

pg 301

Firefighters can sometimes use what to locate the fire from the outside if smoke and fire aren’t visible

A

Tic, or feeling, looking for discoloration or blistering

37
Q

pg 301

If an area of the roof is unsafe due to fire conditions below, the vent hole should be made between

A

Between the fire, and uninvolved portion of the building.

38
Q

If the fire is below the top floor, vertical vent may not be possible unless

A

An elevator shaft or other vertical channel is available

39
Q

pg 302

Structures in which horizontal vent may be appropriate

A

Fires not large enough to necessitate roof opening
Windows or doors close to seat of fire
Seat of fire below top floor
Fire has not entered structural voids or concealed spaces

40
Q

pg 302

Structures in which vertical vent may be appropriate

A

Fire in attic cockloft or top floor
With no windows and few exterior doors
With large vertical channels like, light wells, elevators, hoist ways etc
Fire has entered structural voids and concealed spaces.

41
Q

pg 302

If conditions allow, natural vent is the best option because

A

It does not require additional personnel or equipment to set up and maintain

42
Q

In general mechanical or forced ventilation is indicated when

A

Location and size of fire is determined
Layout of building doesn’t lend to natural vent
Natural vent slows, becomes ineffective, needs support
Fire burning below grade
Compartment with fire is so large natural vent is inefficient
Dictated by type of building and fire

43
Q

pg. 303 exposures:
Because horizontal ventilation does not normally release heat and smoke directly above the fire, Fire fighters must consider the threat to internal exposures that channeling heat and smoke through a building can create. the Danger is?

A

there is sometimes a danger that they will ignite the structure above the point where they escape or may be drawn into windows about the ventilation opening by lapping, also known as autoexposure.

44
Q

Emitting products of combustion from vent holes can cause what to nearby exposures

A

Ignition to exposures or extension to grass and other exposures from burning debris flying.

45
Q

Two Important weather considerations for ventilation

A

Wind

Temperature

46
Q

pg 304
Wind conditions must always be considered when determining the proper ventilation method. Wind blowing fire towards an external exposure, supplying oxygen to the fire, or blowing the fire into uninvolved areas of the building can reduce the benefits of horizontal ventilation. Fire fighters must remember that ventilation methods:

A

should be in concert with the prevailing wind, not against it.

47
Q

pg 305
The temperature on a roof can be significantly higher than the temperture at street level. The crews are at risk of ____________ or even __________. and their productivity may be reduced because of _________ and _______.

A 
heat exhaustion 
heat stroke
fatigue
dehydration   
note: these condition can cause vent crew to take longer than normal to complete their assignments.
48
Q

pg 305

Cold temp can effect vent efforts by: (3)

A

Snow and increasing live loads on roof- collapse potential
Conceal potential hazards
Slippery surfaces

49
Q

pg 286

Factors that contribute to the ventilation of a fire are known as

A

A ventilation profile

50
Q

p.286
+If properly done, this action can contribute significantly to the achievement of all 3 of the universal goals on every incident:(L.I.P)

A

Tactical Ventilation

51
Q

p.287
+Reduces the amount of physical stress FF’s have to endure inside a building during search and rescue and fire suppression operations.

A

Ventilation

52
Q

p.287 Property Conservation
+These provide the shortest possible path by which fire and its products can leave the building which contribute to a reduction in property loss.

A

Properly sized and placed ventilation opening

53
Q

p.287
+Any means other than natural ventilation
+To create or redirect the flow of air within building/compartment

A

Mechanical Ventilation (forced ventilation)

54
Q

p.293 Ventilation Size Up

+4 critical building construction factors

A
  1. Age and type of building
  2. Positive construction features
  3. Negative Construction features
  4. Occupancy specific construction features
55
Q

p.295 warning box!
+Because they can fail suddenly and unexpectedly during a fire, the IC should be notified whenever these materials are found during ventilation operations.

A

Lightweight Construction

56
Q

p.295
+Building construction features that tend to resist the effects of fire, reduce fire spread, and reduce likelihood of structural collapse are known as?

A

Positive Construction Features

57
Q

p.298
+Construction features that do not resist the effects of fire, promote fire spread, increase likelihood of collapse and make entry by FF more difficult are known as?

A

Negative construction features

58
Q

pg 303

Ventilation operations can be seriously affected by:

A

both wind and temperature.

pg. 304 the most important weather-related influences on tactical ventilation are wind and temperature.

59
Q

ch. 11 pg. 300
When the IC has decided that ventilation is needed, coordinating the ventilation operation with rescue and fire attack generally involves three components:

A

timing
location
method

IFSTA Truck Company Skills and Tactics (5 decks)

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