11 Ventilation Size Up

Question 1

Tactical ventilation

Answer 1

Methodical thought out approach to changing the vent profile of a structure.

Question 2

Natural ventilation

Answer 2

Profiles composed of factors that occur without outside intervention. Any efforts or actions taken by firefighters are tactical vent, because they are done with intent and purpose

Question 3

Delicious on how to implement tactical ventilation efforts should be determined by

Answer 3

The IC

Question 4

Ventilation contributes to incident stabilization by

Answer 4

Improving visibility and releasing heat, allowing attack crews to locate and control fire

Question 5

Vent contributes to property conservation by

Answer 5

Drawing heat and fire out and away from other parts of the building, reducing property loss

Question 6

Whenever possible, vent should take advantage of

Answer 6

Natural ventilation, implemented in concert with existing atmospheric conditions.

Question 7

In some situations, natural vent may be inadequate and therefore what must be used

Answer 7

Mechanical ventilation, aka forced ventilation, using fans, blowers, smoke ejectors and hydro vent/ hose streams

Question 8

Before ventilation, consideration must be given to the readiness of

Answer 8

Fire attack crews, search and rescue, and exposure protection.

Question 9

Questions, whose answers, provide a general outline for vent size up

Answer 9

What do we have,
What are we going to do
What do we need

Question 10

Four stages of fire development

Answer 10

Incipient
growth
Fully developed
Decay

Question 11

Fire is fuel controlled during what stages of fire development

Answer 11

Incipient and early growth stages

Question 12

Introducing air into a fuel controlled compartment will

Answer 12

Initially slow the progression to flashover by removing hot gasses and cooling interior, but will grow soon if not controlled

Question 13

Fire is likely to become vent controlled during what stages of development,

Answer 13

Through growth stage and toward fully developed

Question 14

From a size up perspective, one of the most important indicators of fire conditions inside is

Answer 14

The behavior of visible smoke outside

Question 15

In regard to breathing smoke, firefighters should

Answer 15

Never breathe smoke

Question 16

Whitish great smoke generally indicates what type of fire

Answer 16

Celluloid or class a materials burning is oxygen abundant atmosphere

Question 17

Black smoke is an indicator of

Answer 17

Petroleum based products, plastics, anything burning in oxygen limited environment.

Question 18

Two categories of smoke density

Answer 18

Optical density and opacity

Physical density

Question 19

Optical density and opacity

Answer 19

How difficult it is to see through smoke

Question 20

Physical density of smoke

Answer 20

How buoyant the smoke is. If it’s quick rising- buoyant. Related to temperature of smoke.

Question 21

Light haze of smoke lazily moving on the top floor could indicate

Answer 21

Intense attic fire

Question 22

For vent purposes, size up should consider four factors

Answer 22

Age and type of building
Positive construction features
Negative construction features
Occupancy specific construction features

Question 23

When burned by fire, full dimension lumber behaves how in comparison to nominal dimension lumber

Answer 23

Full dimension holds its strength better than nominal. But because it’s older and therefore dryer, is more susceptible to ignition than newer nominal.

Question 24

Although lightweight and cost effective construction methods are used to save money, they often increase

Answer 24

Increase collapse potential because of longer spans and enclosed void spaces with structural members having more surface area or mass ratios

Question 25

Positive construction features

Answer 25

``` Of some help to ff. tend to resist effects of fire, reduce spread, and reduce collapse potential. Steel members Self closing fire doors Sprinklers Built in fire suppression Smoke vents, Elevator shafts ```

Question 26

Built in fire suppression systems

Answer 26

Halogenated system, Co2 Dry chem Protect single compartment like hood over stove or computer bank

Question 27

Elevator shafts can be a ventilation hinderance and benefit because

Answer 27

Hinderance when providing avenue for fire and smoke spread to other levels Benefit when providing a means to vent thought passing through other floors

Question 28

Ideally, roofs with panelized systems or other systems prone to early collapse should have

Answer 28

Automatic smoke vents, thereby preventing firefighters from walking on dangerous roof surfaces to vertical vent

Question 29

Firefighters should frequently visit and pre plan beguiled kings undergoing modification because

Answer 29

They will be familiar with changes and possible hinderance to operations and Id ways to mitigate the problem.

Question 30

Negative building features are

Answer 30

Ones that do not resist effects of fire, promote fire spread, increase collapse potential, and make entry more difficult.

Question 31

Negative building features

Answer 31

``` Elevator shafts Synthetic materials Planters and other landscape features Security measures Occupancy related features ```

Question 32

Planters and other landscape features can be a hinderance to firefighting because

Answer 32

They may keep apparatus further from building and make placement of ladders difficult.

Question 33

Establishing and maintaining the required level of coordination, demands that everyone on the fire ground know and understand what

Answer 33

The incident action plan. IAP and how it affects each part of the operation

Question 34

Coordinating vent with rescue and fire attack generally involves three components

Answer 34

Timing, Location Method

Question 35

Some factors that have a bearing on where to ventilate

Answer 35

``` Location of fire Location of occupants Linters or and exterior exposures Type of construction Purpose or use of occupancy Extend of fire progression Condition of building and contents Existing openings, skylights, vents, monitors Direction and velocity of wind Resource availability and capability ```

Question 36

Firefighters can sometimes use what to locate the fire from the outside if smoke and fire aren't visible

Answer 36

Tic, or feeling, looking for discoloration or blistering

Question 37

If an area of the roof is unsafe due to fire conditions below, the vent hole should be made between

Answer 37

Between the fire, and uninvolved portion of the building.

Question 38

If the fire is below the top floor, vertical vent may not be possible unless

Answer 38

An elevator shaft or other vertical channel is available

Question 39

Structures in which horizontal vent may be appropriate

Answer 39

Fires not large enough to necessitate roof opening Windows or doors close to seat of fire Seat of fire below top floor Fire has not entered structural voids or concealed spaces

Question 40

Structures in which vertical vent may be appropriate

Answer 40

Fire in attic cockloft or top floor With no windows and few exterior doors With large vertical channels like, light wells, elevators, hoist ways etc Fire has entered structural voids and concealed spaces.

Question 41

If conditions allow, natural vent is the best option because

Answer 41

It does not require additional personnel or equipment to set up and maintain

Question 42

In general mechanical or forced ventilation is indicated when

Answer 42

Location and size of fire is determined Layout of building doesn't lend to natural vent Natural vent slows, becomes ineffective, needs support Fire burning below grade Compartment with fire is so large natural vent is inefficient Dictated by type of building and fire

Question 43

Consideration. It's be given to the path of ventilated gases because

Answer 43

They can damage property, cause fire to extend, put egress paths in danger, and externally ignite surfaces or features, cause lapping or autoexposure

Question 44

Emitting products of combustion from vent holes can cause what to nearby exposures

Answer 44

Ignition to exposures or extension to grass and other exposures form burning debris flying.

Question 45

Two Important weather considerations for ventilation

Answer 45

Wind | Temperature

Question 46

Wind can feed a fire and hinder

Answer 46

Ventilation efforts by forcing smoke and gas back into building

Question 47

Temperature of outside conditions on roofs can cause what to firefighters operating on roofs

Answer 47

Fatigue and heat exhaustion from weather temp

Question 48

Cons temp can effect vent efforts by

Answer 48

Snow and increasing live loads on roof- collapse potential Conceal potential hazards Slippery surfaces

Question 49

Factors that contribute to the ventilation of a fire are known as

Answer 49

A ventilation profile