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Truck Company Skills And Tactics > 11 Ventilation Size Up > Flashcards

11 Ventilation Size Up Flashcards

1
Q

Tactical ventilation

A

Methodical thought out approach to changing the vent profile of a structure.

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2
Q

Natural ventilation

A

Profiles composed of factors that occur without outside intervention. Any efforts or actions taken by firefighters are tactical vent, because they are done with intent and purpose

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3
Q

Delicious on how to implement tactical ventilation efforts should be determined by

A

The IC

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4
Q

Ventilation contributes to incident stabilization by

A

Improving visibility and releasing heat, allowing attack crews to locate and control fire

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5
Q

Vent contributes to property conservation by

A

Drawing heat and fire out and away from other parts of the building, reducing property loss

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6
Q

Whenever possible, vent should take advantage of

A

Natural ventilation, implemented in concert with existing atmospheric conditions.

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7
Q

In some situations, natural vent may be inadequate and therefore what must be used

A

Mechanical ventilation, aka forced ventilation, using fans, blowers, smoke ejectors and hydro vent/ hose streams

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8
Q

Before ventilation, consideration must be given to the readiness of

A

Fire attack crews, search and rescue, and exposure protection.

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9
Q

Questions, whose answers, provide a general outline for vent size up

A

What do we have,
What are we going to do
What do we need

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10
Q

Four stages of fire development

A

Incipient
growth
Fully developed
Decay

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11
Q

Fire is fuel controlled during what stages of fire development

A

Incipient and early growth stages

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12
Q

Introducing air into a fuel controlled compartment will

A

Initially slow the progression to flashover by removing hot gasses and cooling interior, but will grow soon if not controlled

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13
Q

Fire is likely to become vent controlled during what stages of development,

A

Through growth stage and toward fully developed

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14
Q

From a size up perspective, one of the most important indicators of fire conditions inside is

A

The behavior of visible smoke outside

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15
Q

In regard to breathing smoke, firefighters should

A

Never breathe smoke

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16
Q

Whitish great smoke generally indicates what type of fire

A

Celluloid or class a materials burning is oxygen abundant atmosphere

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17
Q

Black smoke is an indicator of

A

Petroleum based products, plastics, anything burning in oxygen limited environment.

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18
Q

Two categories of smoke density

A

Optical density and opacity

Physical density

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19
Q

Optical density and opacity

A

How difficult it is to see through smoke

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20
Q

Physical density of smoke

A

How buoyant the smoke is. If it’s quick rising- buoyant. Related to temperature of smoke.

21
Q

Light haze of smoke lazily moving on the top floor could indicate

A

Intense attic fire

22
Q

For vent purposes, size up should consider four factors

A

Age and type of building
Positive construction features
Negative construction features
Occupancy specific construction features

23
Q

When burned by fire, full dimension lumber behaves how in comparison to nominal dimension lumber

A

Full dimension holds its strength better than nominal. But because it’s older and therefore dryer, is more susceptible to ignition than newer nominal.

24
Q

Although lightweight and cost effective construction methods are used to save money, they often increase

A

Increase collapse potential because of longer spans and enclosed void spaces with structural members having more surface area or mass ratios

25
Q

Positive construction features

A 
Of some help to ff.  tend to resist effects of fire, reduce spread, and reduce collapse potential. 
Steel members
Self closing fire doors
Sprinklers
Built in fire suppression 
Smoke vents,
Elevator shafts
26
Q

Built in fire suppression systems

A

Halogenated system,
Co2
Dry chem
Protect single compartment like hood over stove or computer bank

27
Q

Elevator shafts can be a ventilation hinderance and benefit because

A

Hinderance when providing avenue for fire and smoke spread to other levels
Benefit when providing a means to vent thought passing through other floors

28
Q

Ideally, roofs with panelized systems or other systems prone to early collapse should have

A

Automatic smoke vents, thereby preventing firefighters from walking on dangerous roof surfaces to vertical vent

29
Q

Firefighters should frequently visit and pre plan beguiled kings undergoing modification because

A

They will be familiar with changes and possible hinderance to operations and Id ways to mitigate the problem.

30
Q

Negative building features are

A

Ones that do not resist effects of fire, promote fire spread, increase collapse potential, and make entry more difficult.

31
Q

Negative building features

A 
Elevator shafts
Synthetic materials
Planters and other landscape features
Security measures
Occupancy related features
32
Q

Planters and other landscape features can be a hinderance to firefighting because

A

They may keep apparatus further from building and make placement of ladders difficult.

33
Q

Establishing and maintaining the required level of coordination, demands that everyone on the fire ground know and understand what

A

The incident action plan. IAP and how it affects each part of the operation

34
Q

Coordinating vent with rescue and fire attack generally involves three components

A

Timing,
Location
Method

35
Q

Some factors that have a bearing on where to ventilate

A 
Location of fire
Location of occupants
Linters or and exterior exposures
Type of construction
Purpose or use of occupancy
Extend of fire progression
Condition of building and contents
Existing openings, skylights, vents, monitors
Direction and velocity of wind
Resource availability and capability
36
Q

Firefighters can sometimes use what to locate the fire from the outside if smoke and fire aren’t visible

A

Tic, or feeling, looking for discoloration or blistering

37
Q

If an area of the roof is unsafe due to fire conditions below, the vent hole should be made between

A

Between the fire, and uninvolved portion of the building.

38
Q

If the fire is below the top floor, vertical vent may not be possible unless

A

An elevator shaft or other vertical channel is available

39
Q

Structures in which horizontal vent may be appropriate

A

Fires not large enough to necessitate roof opening
Windows or doors close to seat of fire
Seat of fire below top floor
Fire has not entered structural voids or concealed spaces

40
Q

Structures in which vertical vent may be appropriate

A

Fire in attic cockloft or top floor
With no windows and few exterior doors
With large vertical channels like, light wells, elevators, hoist ways etc
Fire has entered structural voids and concealed spaces.

41
Q

If conditions allow, natural vent is the best option because

A

It does not require additional personnel or equipment to set up and maintain

42
Q

In general mechanical or forced ventilation is indicated when

A

Location and size of fire is determined
Layout of building doesn’t lend to natural vent
Natural vent slows, becomes ineffective, needs support
Fire burning below grade
Compartment with fire is so large natural vent is inefficient
Dictated by type of building and fire

43
Q

Consideration. It’s be given to the path of ventilated gases because

A

They can damage property, cause fire to extend, put egress paths in danger, and externally ignite surfaces or features, cause lapping or autoexposure

44
Q

Emitting products of combustion from vent holes can cause what to nearby exposures

A

Ignition to exposures or extension to grass and other exposures form burning debris flying.

45
Q

Two Important weather considerations for ventilation

A

Wind

Temperature

46
Q

Wind can feed a fire and hinder

A

Ventilation efforts by forcing smoke and gas back into building

47
Q

Temperature of outside conditions on roofs can cause what to firefighters operating on roofs

A

Fatigue and heat exhaustion from weather temp

48
Q

Cons temp can effect vent efforts by

A

Snow and increasing live loads on roof- collapse potential
Conceal potential hazards
Slippery surfaces

49
Q

Factors that contribute to the ventilation of a fire are known as

A

A ventilation profile

Truck Company Skills And Tactics (12 decks)

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