Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > 1.1 to 1.5 cells > Flashcards

1.1 to 1.5 cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the function of the subcellular structure chloroplast?(1)

A

where photosynthesis occurs (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of the subcellular structure cell wall? (1)

A

supports and strengthens the cell (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the chromosomal DNA? (1)

A

it controls the cell’s activities and replication (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name one subcellular structure where genes are found within: eukaryotic cells (1)

A

nucleus (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

name one subcellular structure where genes are found within: prokaryotic cells (1)

A

chromosomal DNA/ plasmid DNA (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name the subcellular structure involved in the translation of genetic material in protein synthesis. (1)

A

ribosome (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

once proteins have been synthesised, they may need to leave the cell. name the subcellular structure that controls which substances leave the cell (1)

A

cell membrane (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

elephant body cells contain 56 chromosomes. how many chromosomes will an elephant egg cell contain? (1)

A

56/2 = 28 (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe the role of a sperm’s acrosome in fertilisation (2)

A

the acrosome contains enzymes (1) that digest through the membrane of the egg cell (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

explain why the membrane of an egg cell changes its structure immediately after fertilisation (2)

A

it changes the structure to prevent any other sperm cells from getting in (1). this makes sure the offspring ends up with the right amount of DNA (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

explain why the cytoplasm of an egg cell is adapted to its function (1)

A

the cytoplasm contains lots of nutrients to nourish the developing embryo (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when an egg cell is ready to be fertilised, it moves through the fallopian tubes towards the uterus. explain how the ciliated epithelial cell might be involved in this process (2)

A

the cilia on the ciliated epithelial cells beat backwards and forwards (1) and moves the egg cell along the inner surface of the fallopian tubes towards the uterus (1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

state the two types of cell

A

Eukaryotic (animals and plants) and prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the difference between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?

A

A eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. A prokaryotic cell does not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)

A

● Nucleus
● Cytoplasm
● Cell membrane
● Mitochondria
● Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is genetic information stored in a eukaryotic cell?

A

Within the nucleus, arranged in chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Other than storing genetic information, what is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls cellular activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the structure of the cytoplasm

A

Fluid component of the cell. Contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

Site of cellular reactions e.g. first stage of respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Controls the entry and exit of materials into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

Site of later stages of aerobic respiration in which ATP is produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

joins amino acids in a specific order during translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which organelles are found in plant cells only? (3)

A

● Large, permanent vacuole
● Cell wall
● Chloroplasts

24
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

Cellulose

25
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

● Provides strength
● Prevents the cell bursting when water enters by osmosis

26
Q

What does the permanent vacuole contain?

A

A solution of salts, sugars and organic acids

27
Q

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

A

Supports the cell, maintaining its turgidity

28
Q

When looking at a cell using a light microscope, why do chloroplasts appear green?

A

Contain chlorophyll, a green pigment

29
Q

List the organelles found in prokaryotic cells (6)

A

● Chromosomal DNA
● Plasmid DNA
● Cell wall
● Cell membrane
● Ribosomes
● Flagella

30
Q

How is genetic information stored in a prokaryotic cell?

A

Found free within the cytoplasm as:
● Chromosomal DNA (single large loop of circular DNA)
● Plasmid DNA

31
Q

What are plasmids?

A

● Small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm and separate from the main DNA
● Carry genes that provide genetic advantages e.g. antibiotic resistance

32
Q

What is the prokaryotic cell wall composed of?

A

Peptidoglycan

33
Q

What is a flagellum?

A

● Long, rotating, ‘whip-like’ protrusion
● Enables bacteria to move

34
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

A cell that contains a single copy of each chromosome (half the number of chromosomes) e.g. 23 chromosomes in humans

35
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome (full set of chromosomes) e.g. 46 chromosomes in humans

36
Q

What are gametes?

A

● Reproductive cells (e.g. egg and sperm cells)
● They are haploid cells

37
Q

Describe sexual reproduction in terms of chromosome number

A

● Two haploid gametes fuse
● Resulting embryo has two chromosomes for each gene and two copies of each allele ∴ diploid

38
Q

Describe how egg cells are adapted to their function

A

●Haploid nucleus contains genetic material
●Mitochondria in cytoplasm produce energy for the developing embryo
● Cytoplasm contains nutrients for the developing embryo
●Cell membrane hardens after fertilisation, preventing the entry of other sperm and ensuring the zygote is diploid

39
Q

Describe how sperm cells are adapted to their function

A

●Haploid nucleus contains genetic information
●Tail enables movement
●Mitochondria provide energy for tail movement
●Acrosome contains enzymes that digest the egg cell membrane

40
Q

Where are ciliated epithelial cells found?

A

Found lining the surface of structures such as the respiratory tract and uterus.

41
Q

Describe the function of ciliated epithelial cells lining the airways

A

Move in synchronised waves to beat mucus (containing dirt and pathogens) up to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed.

42
Q

what is a Permanent vacuole?

A

A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap found in plant cells

43
Q

what is Plasmids?

A

Small rings of extra DNA found in bacterial cells

44
Q

what is Chlorophyll?

A

A green pigment found in the chloroplast that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

45
Q

Nerve cell

A

An extended animal cell with many branches that sends electrical messages around the body

46
Q

Muscle cell

A

An animal cell that contains sliding protein fibres to contract and allow movement

47
Q

Red blood cell

A

An animal cell that has lost its nucleus to make remove for haemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen

48
Q

Intestinal epithelial cell

A

An animal cell that is responsible for molecule absorption in the intestines, these cells have many tiny folds called microvilli that increase the surface area for absorption

49
Q

Root hair cell

A

A plant cell which has a large surface area and thin walls to absorb water and minerals

50
Q

Xylem cell

A

A hollow plant cell with thick walls containing lignin to transport water and minerals through the plant

51
Q

Phloem cell

A

A living plant cell with sieve plate pores to transport dissolved sugars throughout the plant

52
Q

Axon

A

The longest part of a nerve cell which carries the electrical impulse

53
Q

Dendrite

A

The parts of the nerve cell which makes connections

54
Q

Myelin sheath

A

The fatty insulation of a nerve axon

55
Q

Lignin

A

A chemical that provides support to xylem cells and prevents the unwanted movement of water into nearby cells

biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions