1.1 The Treaty of Versailles and nationalism and internationalism in the 1920s Flashcards
1
Q
When did Woodrow Wilson become president?
A
1912
2
Q
When was Woodrow Wilson re-elected?
A
1916
3
Q
When was the Paris Peace Conference?
A
1919-20
4
Q
What happened at the Paris Peace Conference?
A
- Five treaties were drawn up, the main one was the Treaty of Versailles and the other treaties agreed how Germany’s allies would be treated
5
Q
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
A
- War guilt, Germany had to accept the blame for starting the war
- Reparations, Germany was forced to pay reparations to the Allies for war damage
- Land, Germany’s European borders were changed so it lost land to neighbouring countries (Germany lost 10 per cent of its land and 12.5 per cent of its population)
- Armed forces, Germany’s army was limited to 100,000 men and conscription was banned, the Rhineland was demilitarised
6
Q
Who were the big three after the First World War?
A
- Woodrow Wilson (president of the USA)
- George Clemenceau (prime minister of France)
- David Lloyd George (prime minister of Britain)
7
Q
How did Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
A
- The Germans felt that the war guilt clause was unfair in blaming only Germany, they said that all countries should share the blame
- The disarmament terms were also seen as unfair because none of the victorious countries reduced their own armed forces
- Germans were appalled at losing land and population to neighbouring countries, they claimed that this was inconsistent with President Wilson’s demand for self-determination for people of Europe
- The huge reparations bill caused outrage, reparations were blamed for the economic problems that devastated Germany later in the 1920s
8
Q
What was Wilson’s vision for the League of Nations?
A
- He wanted the LON to be like a world parliament, where representatives of all nations met regularly to solve problems
- All major countries would disarm
- League members would also promise to protect one another if attacked, collective security
- They also could not go to war, and if any member went to war illegally, other members would impose economic sanctions
9
Q
Explain some of the League’s commissions’ achievements in the 1920s
A
- The Refugee Committee helped an estimated 400,000 people who had been displaced by the war or made prisoners of war return to their homes
- The International Labour Organisation successfully campaigned for worker’s rights, especially for women and children, in all countries
- The Health Committee funded research into deadly diseases, developing vaccines
- The League was also responsible for freeing the 200,000 slaves in British-owned Sierra Leone
10
Q
when was the corfu crisis?
A
1923
11
Q
when was the Bulgarian crisis?
A
1925
12
Q
when was the Aaland islands dispute?
A
1921
13
Q
when was the Upper Silesian dispute?
A
1921
14
Q
when were the League of Nations formed?
A
1919
15
Q
who were the starting members of the League of Nations?
A
France, Britain, Japan and Italy
