11. The Structure of the Heart and Major Blood Vessels

Question 1

Which side of the heart pumps to systemic circulation?

Answer 1

left

Question 2

which side of the heart pumps to the pulmonary circulation?

Answer 2

right

Question 3

3 components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 3

1. blood
2. blood vessels
3. heart

Question 4

what type of vessels are arteries?

Answer 4

efferent

Question 5

what type of vessels are veins?

Answer 5

afferent

Question 6

where does a RBC travel to after the arteries?

Answer 6

arterioles

Question 7

what chambers of the heart make up the apex?

Answer 7

ventricles

Question 8

what chambers of the heart make up the base?

Answer 8

atria

Question 9

which bones does the mediastinum extend to?

Answer 9

sternum to vertebral column

Question 10

which rib does the heart start from?

Answer 10

2nd

Question 11

where does the heart end - in terms of ribs?

Answer 11

5th intercostal space

Question 12

which costal cartilage is the base of the heart?

Answer 12

3rd

Question 13

which chambers of the heart are visible anteriorly?

Answer 13

right atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle

Question 14

which AV valve is on the right side of the heart?

Answer 14

tricuspid

Question 15

which AV valve is on the left side of the heart?

Answer 15

mitral/biscupid

Question 16

name the 2 semilunar valves

Answer 16

pulmonary and aortic

Question 17

3 branches of the aorta (from medial to lateral)

Answer 17

1. brachiocephalic artery
2. left common carotid artery
3. left subclavian artery

Question 18

name of heart strings

Answer 18

chordae tendineae

Question 19

name of muscular columns in the ventricles

Answer 19

trabeculae carnae

Question 20

name of membrane surrounding the heart

Answer 20

pericardium

Question 21

function of pericardium (2)

Answer 21

1. allows free movement heart

2. protection

Question 22

2 parts of the pericardium

Answer 22

fibrous outer layer

serous inner layer

Question 23

which pericardium layer contains inelastic dense irregular CT?

Answer 23

fibrous

Question 24

function of fibrous pericardium

Answer 24

1. prevents overstretchig

2. protection

Question 25

2 layers of the serous membrane

Answer 25

1. parietal | 2. visceral

Question 26

what is the epicardium

Answer 26

visceral serous layer

Question 27

what is contained within the pericardial cavity?

Answer 27

pericardial fluid

Question 28

function of pericardial fluid

Answer 28

reduces friction

Question 29

3 layers of heart wall (superficial to deep)

Answer 29

1. epicardium 2. myocardium 3. endocardium

Question 30

which layer of the heart contains cardiac muscle cells?

Answer 30

myocardium

Question 31

what happens to the ventricles when the atria contract?

Answer 31

relax

Question 32

what happens to the atria when the ventricles contract?

Answer 32

relax

Question 33

what valves open when the atria contract?

Answer 33

AV ; tricuspid and bicuspid

Question 34

describe the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae when the atria contract

Answer 34

muscles: relaxed CT: slack

Question 35

at what point of contraction are the semilunar valves closed?

Answer 35

atria contraction

Question 36

what causes the opening between the atria and ventricles to close?

Answer 36

the pressure in the ventricles

Question 37

2 branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 37

1. circumflex | 2. anterior interventricular

Question 38

2 branches of the right coronary artery

Answer 38

1. posterior interventricular | 2. right marginal

Question 39

where does the posterior interventricular artery run?

Answer 39

posterior IV sulcus

Question 40

where does the right marginal artery run?

Answer 40

coronary sulcus

Question 41

where does the circumflex artery run?

Answer 41

coronary sulcus

Question 42

which 2 arteries supply both walls of the ventricles?

Answer 42

1. anterior interventricular | 2. posterior IV

Question 43

which artery supply walls of L ventricle and left atria?

Answer 43

circumflex

Question 44

which artery supplies the R ventricle?

Answer 44

right marginal artery

Question 45

advantage of anastomoses of coronary branches

Answer 45

allows dual supply of blood/oxygenation if there is ever a block

Question 46

state the flow of deoxygenated blood through the venous heart circulation

Answer 46

1. coronary capillaries 2. coronary veins 3. coronary sinus 4. right atrium

Question 47

what are the 2 coronary veins

Answer 47

1. great cardiac vein | 2. middle cardiac vein

Question 48

which vein drains anterior heart

Answer 48

great cardiac vein

Question 49

which vein drains posterior heart

Answer 49

middle cardiac vein

Question 50

examples of large veins

Answer 50

superior and inferior vena cava

Question 51

where do the large veins branch? 2

Answer 51

abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities

Question 52

describe t. media in medium-sized veins

Answer 52

thin - less smooth muscle

Question 53

which veins collect blood from capillaries

Answer 53

venules

Question 54

which vessel does not have a tunica media?

Answer 54

venules

Question 55

which artery contains a greater proportion of elastic fibres than smooth muscle cells?

Answer 55

elastic artery

Question 56

which artery contains a greater proportion of smooth muscle cells than elastic fibres?

Answer 56

muscular artery

Question 57

which artery has a thick t.media?

Answer 57

muscular artery

Question 58

which artery contains scattered smooth muscle cells?

Answer 58

arteriole

Question 59

2 types of capillaries

Answer 59

1. fenestrated | 2. continous

Question 60

describe fenestrated capillaries

Answer 60

pores in walls

Question 61

how is endothelium in continous capillaries connected?

Answer 61

tight junctions and desmosomes

Question 62

nuclei in cardiomyocytes

Answer 62

1 which is central

Question 63

what are the ends of cardiomyocyte fibres connected by

Answer 63

intercalated discs

Question 64

what 2 structures do intercalated discs contain?

Answer 64

desmosomes and tight junctions

Question 65

function of desmosomes

Answer 65

hold fibres together

Question 66

function of tight junction

Answer 66

allows action potential to flow through fibres

Question 67

is heart muscle striated or non-striated?

Answer 67

striated