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CRR Cardiovascular > 11. The Structure of the Heart and Major Blood Vessels > Flashcards

11. The Structure of the Heart and Major Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Which side of the heart pumps to systemic circulation?

A

left

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2
Q

which side of the heart pumps to the pulmonary circulation?

A

right

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3
Q

3 components of the cardiovascular system

A
  1. blood
  2. blood vessels
  3. heart
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4
Q

what type of vessels are arteries?

A

efferent

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5
Q

what type of vessels are veins?

A

afferent

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6
Q

where does a RBC travel to after the arteries?

A

arterioles

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7
Q

what chambers of the heart make up the apex?

A

ventricles

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8
Q

what chambers of the heart make up the base?

A

atria

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9
Q

which bones does the mediastinum extend to?

A

sternum to vertebral column

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10
Q

which rib does the heart start from?

A

2nd

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11
Q

where does the heart end - in terms of ribs?

A

5th intercostal space

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12
Q

which costal cartilage is the base of the heart?

A

3rd

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13
Q

which chambers of the heart are visible anteriorly?

A

right atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle

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14
Q

which AV valve is on the right side of the heart?

A

tricuspid

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15
Q

which AV valve is on the left side of the heart?

A

mitral/biscupid

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16
Q

name the 2 semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic

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17
Q

3 branches of the aorta (from medial to lateral)

A
  1. brachiocephalic artery
  2. left common carotid artery
  3. left subclavian artery
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18
Q

name of heart strings

A

chordae tendineae

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19
Q

name of muscular columns in the ventricles

A

trabeculae carnae

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20
Q

name of membrane surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

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21
Q

function of pericardium (2)

A
  1. allows free movement heart

2. protection

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22
Q

2 parts of the pericardium

A

fibrous outer layer

serous inner layer

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23
Q

which pericardium layer contains inelastic dense irregular CT?

A

fibrous

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24
Q

function of fibrous pericardium

A
  1. prevents overstretchig

2. protection

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25
Q

2 layers of the serous membrane

A
  1. parietal

2. visceral

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26
Q

what is the epicardium

A

visceral serous layer

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27
Q

what is contained within the pericardial cavity?

A

pericardial fluid

28
Q

function of pericardial fluid

A

reduces friction

29
Q

3 layers of heart wall (superficial to deep)

A
  1. epicardium
  2. myocardium
  3. endocardium
30
Q

which layer of the heart contains cardiac muscle cells?

A

myocardium

31
Q

what happens to the ventricles when the atria contract?

A

relax

32
Q

what happens to the atria when the ventricles contract?

A

relax

33
Q

what valves open when the atria contract?

A

AV ; tricuspid and bicuspid

34
Q

describe the papillary muscles and chordae tendineae when the atria contract

A

muscles: relaxed
CT: slack

35
Q

at what point of contraction are the semilunar valves closed?

A

atria contraction

36
Q

what causes the opening between the atria and ventricles to close?

A

the pressure in the ventricles

37
Q

2 branches of the left coronary artery

A
  1. circumflex

2. anterior interventricular

38
Q

2 branches of the right coronary artery

A
  1. posterior interventricular

2. right marginal

39
Q

where does the posterior interventricular artery run?

A

posterior IV sulcus

40
Q

where does the right marginal artery run?

A

coronary sulcus

41
Q

where does the circumflex artery run?

A

coronary sulcus

42
Q

which 2 arteries supply both walls of the ventricles?

A
  1. anterior interventricular

2. posterior IV

43
Q

which artery supply walls of L ventricle and left atria?

A

circumflex

44
Q

which artery supplies the R ventricle?

A

right marginal artery

45
Q

advantage of anastomoses of coronary branches

A

allows dual supply of blood/oxygenation if there is ever a block

46
Q

state the flow of deoxygenated blood through the venous heart circulation

A
  1. coronary capillaries
  2. coronary veins
  3. coronary sinus
  4. right atrium
47
Q

what are the 2 coronary veins

A
  1. great cardiac vein

2. middle cardiac vein

48
Q

which vein drains anterior heart

A

great cardiac vein

49
Q

which vein drains posterior heart

A

middle cardiac vein

50
Q

examples of large veins

A

superior and inferior vena cava

51
Q

where do the large veins branch? 2

A

abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities

52
Q

describe t. media in medium-sized veins

A

thin - less smooth muscle

53
Q

which veins collect blood from capillaries

A

venules

54
Q

which vessel does not have a tunica media?

A

venules

55
Q

which artery contains a greater proportion of elastic fibres than smooth muscle cells?

A

elastic artery

56
Q

which artery contains a greater proportion of smooth muscle cells than elastic fibres?

A

muscular artery

57
Q

which artery has a thick t.media?

A

muscular artery

58
Q

which artery contains scattered smooth muscle cells?

A

arteriole

59
Q

2 types of capillaries

A
  1. fenestrated

2. continous

60
Q

describe fenestrated capillaries

A

pores in walls

61
Q

how is endothelium in continous capillaries connected?

A

tight junctions and desmosomes

62
Q

nuclei in cardiomyocytes

A

1 which is central

63
Q

what are the ends of cardiomyocyte fibres connected by

A

intercalated discs

64
Q

what 2 structures do intercalated discs contain?

A

desmosomes and tight junctions

65
Q

function of desmosomes

A

hold fibres together

66
Q

function of tight junction

A

allows action potential to flow through fibres

67
Q

is heart muscle striated or non-striated?

A

striated

CRR Cardiovascular (2 decks)

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