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Higher Biology > 1.1 The Structure of DNA > Flashcards

1.1 The Structure of DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Double stranded helix with complementary base pairing

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2
Q

State the 4 base pairs

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine

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3
Q

What are the complementary base pairs?

A

Adenine + Thymine
Cytosine + Guanine

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4
Q

State the features of a nucleotide

A

They contain a deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and base

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5
Q

How is a double stranded helix formed?

A

A number of nucleotides join together in an antiparallel structure

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6
Q

How are bases held together?

A

Hydrogen bonding weak)

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7
Q

Name the bond which holds the backbone of DNA nucleotides in each strand together

A

Sugar-phosphate bond (strong)

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8
Q

How many carbon molecules does a deoxyribose sugar contain?

A

5

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9
Q

Explain what antiparallel means in terms of the DNA molecules 5’ and 3’ ends

A

The 5’ end of one DNA strand is opposite the 3’ end of the other DNA strand

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10
Q

Is the phosphate at the 5’ or 3’ end of a DNA molecule?

A

5’

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11
Q

Is the deoxyribose sugar at the 5’ or 3’ end of a DNA molecule?

A

3’

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12
Q

Which part of a nucleotide is present at the 5’ end of a DNA strand?

A

phosphate

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13
Q

Which part of a nucleotide is present at the 3’ end of a DNA strand?

A

deoxyribose sugar

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14
Q

Which end can new nucleotides be added to?

A

3’

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15
Q

Which end can phosphates be added to?

A

5’

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16
Q

State the two classifications of cells.

A

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

17
Q

Describe a Prokaryote

A

Do not have a membrane-bound organelle.
Have single, circular chromosome and smaller circular plasmids

18
Q

Describe a Eukaryote

A

Possess membrane bound organelles (nucleus)
Have linear chromosomes, which are tightly coiled and packaged with associated histone proteins.

19
Q

Why is yeast an exmple of a Eukaryote?

A

It also has plasmids

20
Q

In eukaryotes, the linear chromosomes in the nucleus are tightly coiled and packaged with which associated proteins?

A

Histones

21
Q

Eukaryotes also contain circular chromosomes. Where are these found?

A

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

Higher Biology (15 decks)

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