11: The Second Civil War

Question 1

What position was Charles in by the end of the First Civil War (1646)?

Answer 1

He was defeated militarily, but was still in a strong position to negotiate for settlement.

Question 2

What two Parliamentary factions emerged by 1646?

Answer 2

The Political Presbyterians and the Political Independents

Question 3

Who were the political Presbyterians? (Leader, Stance with Charles, Religion, Army)

Answer 3

Leader: Denzil Holles
Stance with Charles: Moderate, favoured settlement
Religion: Opposed to religious toleration
Army: Wanted to disband the NMA

Question 4

Who were the Political Independents?

Answer 4

Leaders: Cromwell and Ireton
Stance with Charles: Radical, willing to negotiate if Charles accepted power limitations
Religion: Favoured religious toleration
Army: Allied with the NMA, viewed it as security against Charles

Question 5

Which political group were most influential by 1646 and why?

Answer 5

The Political a Presbyterians as most of the country favoured their peace policy.

Question 6

What were the Newcastle Propositions? (3 points)

Answer 6

• July 1646
• Charles had to accept the establishment of Presbyterianism for 3 years
• Parliament had control of the militia for 20 years
• The Triennial Act was to remain

Question 7

Why did Charles stall his negotiations to the Newcastle Propositions?

Answer 7

To allow the divisions between the Presbyterians and Independents to develop.

Question 8

What caused deeper political division in winter 1646-47?

Answer 8

The Political Presbyterians presented a revised, more lenient version of the Newcastle Propositions- angered the radical Independents.

Question 9

What was the Declaration of Dislike?

Answer 9

March 1647-Document released by Denzil Holles that declared army petitioners as “enemies to the state”

Question 10

Why did the Political Presbyterians want to disband the NMA?

Answer 10

They owed the army 3 million.

Question 11

What two things politicised the NMA?

Answer 11

• They faced disbandment before their wages were paid

- Parliament didn’t pass an Indemnity Act, fears they may be charged with wartime offences

Question 12

What happened in May 1647?

Answer 12

Parliament accepted Charles’ 3rd response to the Newcastle Propositions, conceding Presbyterianism and Parliamentary control of the militia for 10 years. This antagonised the army.

Question 13

What did Parliament vote on the 25th May 1647?

Answer 13

The New Model Army were to disband with only 8 weeks of pay.

Question 14

When was Charles seized by the army and what was its impact?

Answer 14

2nd June 1647- gave the NMA significant power in settlement.

Question 15

What was the Humble Remonstrance?

Answer 15

4th June 1647- the Army’s declaration that it would not disband until its grievances were met.

Question 16

What grievances were brought up in the Humble Remonstrance?

Answer 16

• Indemnity

- The removal of Holles’ Presbyterian faction

Question 17

When did the NMA begin negotiations with Charles?

Answer 17

7th June 1647

Question 18

What was the Representation of the Army?

Answer 18

14th June 1647- Outlined the fundamentals of the Army’s position.

• A purge of Parliament
• Future parliaments of fixed duration
• Extension of civil freedoms

Question 19

What was the Heads of the Proposals and when was it published?

Answer 19

2nd August 1647

The army’s own settlement plan

Question 20

What were 4 main points of the Heads of the Proposals?

Answer 20

• Regular biennial parliaments
• Parliamentary control of the army/navy
• Religious settlement that removed coercive power of bishops
• Act of Oblivion that exempted only a few Royalists from pardon

Question 21

What happened on the 26th July 1647?

Answer 21

A mob, invaded the Commons and forcefully passed a resolution to invite the King to London.