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ANATOMY - Urinary > 1.1 The Kidneys > Flashcards

1.1 The Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 component parts of the Urinary System?

A
  1. The Kidneys
  2. The Ureter
  3. The Bladder
  4. The Urethra
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2
Q

What is the Function of the Kidneys?

A

Maintains Homeostasis by Blood Filtration

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3
Q

What is the Function of the Ureter?

A

Transports waste products (Urine) from the Kidneys to the Bladder

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4
Q

What is the Function of the Bladder?

A

Stored the Urine

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5
Q

What is the Function of the Urethra?

A

Transports Urine to be Excreted

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6
Q

What is the Shape of a Kidney like?

A

A bean

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7
Q

Where do the Kidneys lie in the Abdomen?

A

In the Paravertebral Gutters on the Posterior Abdominal Wall

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8
Q

Between which Vertebrae can the Kidneys be found?

A

T12 to L3

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9
Q

What is the Hilum of the Kidney?

A

Where the Blood Vessels and Ureter enter the Kidney

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10
Q

At which Vertebral Level does the Hilum of the Kidney lie?

A

L1

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11
Q

What is also on the Vertebral Level L1?

A

The Transpyloric Plane

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12
Q

Do the Kidneys lie at the same Vertebral Level?

A

No

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13
Q

Which of the Kidneys sits lower?

A

The Right

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14
Q

Why does the Right Kidney lie lower than the Left Kidney?

A

Due to the Presence of the Liver

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15
Q

What are the 4 Layers which enclose the Kidney?

superficial to deep

A
  1. The Pararenal Fatty Tissue
  2. The Renal Fascia
  3. The Fatty Renal Capsule
  4. The Fibrous Renal Fascia
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16
Q

What type of Fascia is the Renal Fascia?

A

Fibro-Fatty Tissue

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17
Q

What is the Significance of having fat around the Kidneys?

A

It acts as protection

18
Q

Do the Kidneys move on respiration?

A

Yes, they lower on inspiration and rise on expiration

19
Q

What are the 3 posterior relations of the Kidney?

A
  1. The Diaphragm
  2. The Psoas Major
  3. The Quadratus Lumborum
20
Q

What sits more Laterally, the Quadratus Lumborum or the Psoas Major?

A

The Quadratus Lumborum

21
Q

What runs along the Psoas Major?

A

The Ureters

22
Q

How are the Kidneys Peritonised?

A

They are Retroperitoneal

23
Q

What, in general terms, is the Anterior Surface of the Kidneys related to?

A

Viscera of the Gastrointestinal System

24
Q

What is the Superior Relation of both the Left and Right Kidney?

A

The Left / Right Suprarenal Gland

25
Q

What is the Superolateral Relation of the Right Kidney?

A

The Liver

26
Q

What is the Superolateral Relation of the Left Kidney?

A

The Spleen

27
Q

What is the Inferolateral Relation of the Right Kidney?

A

The Colon

28
Q

What is the Inferolateral Relation of the Left Kidney?

A

The Left Colic Flexure

29
Q

What is the Medial Relation of the Right Kidney?

A

The Duodenum

30
Q

What is the Superomedial Relation of the Left Kidney?

A

The Stomach

31
Q

What is the Medial Relation of the Left Kidney?

A

The Pancreas

32
Q

What is the Inferomedial Relation of the Left Kidney?

A

The Jejunum

33
Q

What is the Inferomedial Relation of the Right Kidney?

A

The Jejunum

34
Q

The Kidney is referred to as Partially-Peritonised, what does this mean?

A
  1. The Organs making contact with the Anterior Surface of the Kidney, which are also Retroperitoneal, will make direct contact
  2. The Organs making contact with the Anterior Surface of the Kidney, which are Intraperitoneal, will have a layer of Peritoneum between the Kidney and the Organ itself
35
Q

What is the Sympathetic Nerve Supply to the Kidney? What is there root for getting to the Kidney?

A

The T12-L1 Spinal Segments pass through the Coeliac Ganglia, and along the Renal Artery

36
Q

What is the Parasympathetic Nerve Supply to the Kidney?

A

Derived from the Vagus Nerve

37
Q

Where does the Lymphatic Drainage of the Kidney go to?

A

The Para-aortic Lymph Nodes around the Origin of the Renal Arteries

38
Q

What are 2 common Embryological Conditions of the Kidney?

A
  1. Duplicate Ureter

2. Horseshoe Kidney

39
Q

What happens in a Duplicate Ureter?

A

They Kidney has 2 Ureters leaving the Hilum as opposed to 1. This can leave you more susceptible to Blockages and UTI;s

40
Q

What happens in a Horseshoe Kidney?

A

The Kidneys have fused together during development

ANATOMY - Urinary (4 decks)

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