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Science BIO > 1.1 the heart > Flashcards

1.1 the heart Flashcards

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1
Q

4 key functions of the circulatory system

A

1) transports and delivers O2 and nutrients to the cells in exchange for CO2 and waste materialsnutrients: minerals, vitamins, glucose
2) transports and delivers chemical messengers throughout the bodychemical messenger: hormones
3) regulates body temperature
4) defends against disease

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2
Q

3 major components of the circulatory or cardiovascular system

A

heartblood vesselsblood

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3
Q

in which direction is blood pumped? - from veins to arteries or- from arteries to veins

A

from arteries to veins

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4
Q

does the veins keep the blood moving in one direction?

A

yes

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5
Q

what connects arteries to veins

A

capillaries

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6
Q

are heart, arteries and veins all connected?

A

yes

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7
Q

cardiac output definition

A

volume of blood pumped by the heart PER minute

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8
Q

the greater the value of cardiac output (4)

A
  • the better the heart as a pump
  • the stronger the heart is as a muscle
  • the more fit the person is
  • the bigger the value of stroke volume
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9
Q

how to determine cardiac output

A

(stroke volume x heart rate)

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10
Q

stroke volume definition (2)

A
  • volume of blood pumped by heart PER beat

- The quantity of blood pumped from the hearts left ventricle during each contraction PER beat

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11
Q

average stroke volume of adult …- male - female

A
  • male is 70 mL / beat

- female is 60 mL / beat

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12
Q

the greater the value of stroke volume…(4)

A
  • the lower the value of RHR
  • the better the heart as a pump
  • the stronger the heart is as a muscle
  • the more fit the person is
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13
Q

RHR definition (1)

A

of contraction of the heart that occur PER minute while the body is at a complete rest

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14
Q

Heart rate definition

A
  • how many times the heart beats PER minute
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15
Q

Why does the heart rate vary?

A

The heart rate can vary according to the body’s physical needs, including the need to absorb oxygen and excrete carbon dioxide

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16
Q

What determines how effective the heart is as a pump

A
  • stroke volume (big value)
  • cardiac output (big value)
  • resting heart rate (small value
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17
Q

what happens when the heart contracts?

A

when it contracts, it pumps blood

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18
Q

what is the 1st organ that the heart supplies with O2 rich blood?

A

itself

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19
Q

Coronary Artery definition

A

the blood vessels that supply that heart muscles with oxygenated blood.

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20
Q

where is the coronary artery?

A

on the surface of the heart

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21
Q

What regulate the rate of heart beat?

will either accelerate or decelerate the heart beat

A

pacemaker or SA node

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22
Q

pacemaker or SA node definition

A

generates electrical signals that cause the muscle fibres in the heart to simultaneously contract in a co-ordinated manner

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23
Q

what happens If one muscle fibre of a heart chamber is stimulated to contract?

A

all the fibres of that chamber contract in unison (all together)

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24
Q

How to know that there is something wrong with the pacemaker?

A

heart’s pacemaker cells are unable to regulate a steady and fixed heartbeat = irregular heartbeat

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25
Q

how many chamber does the heart have?

A

4 chambers

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26
Q

where is the heart located? and what protects it?

A
  • almost at the centre on the chest

- protected by the Sternum or Breastbone

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27
Q

why is the stethoscope is used on the left side of the heart?

A

because sounds from the heart are easier to hear here

28
Q

The RED is …

  • on (L) or (R) ?
  • oxygenated or deoxygenated?
A
  • (L)

- oxygenated

29
Q

The LEFT is …

  • on (L) or (R) ?
  • oxygenated or de-oxygenated?
A
  • (R)

- de-oxygenated

30
Q

septum

A

a thick wall of muscle that divides the left and right sides of the heart.

31
Q

Atrium

A

the smaller upper chamber that receives blood returning to the heart

32
Q

the (L) and (R) atrium together is called

A

atria

33
Q

ventricle

A

the larger v-shaped bottom chamber that pumps blood from or out of the heart

34
Q

Why is the (L) ventricle is slightly bigger in size?

A

because its job is to pump O2 rich to most of the body

35
Q

Heart valves

A

he thin flaps of tissue in the heart that open and close to ensure the proper direction for blood flow

36
Q

what divides the 4 chambers?

A

heart valves

37
Q

what ensures that the blood will only travel in one direction within the heart?

A

heart valves

38
Q

how are the valves between atria and the ventricles held in places?

A
  • string-like tendon
39
Q

what does the string like tendons do?

A

help ensure that the valves are closed correctly.

40
Q

Blood flow through the heart
- From the body - (R side) -

(4)

A
  1. blood enters the heart and collects in the right atrium from both the superior and inferior vena cavae
  2. the contraction of the right atrium forces blood into the right ventricle
  3. the right ventricle contracts and forces the blood to flow into the pulmonary arteries
  4. at the lungs, the blood undergoes gas exchange by receiving O2 and releasing CO2.
41
Q

venae cavae

A

large veins that collect O2 poor and CO2 rich blood from the upper and lower body

42
Q

superior vena cavae

A

O2 poor blood coming from the upper body

43
Q

Interior venae cavae

A

O2 poor blood coming from the lower body

44
Q

Pulmonary arteries:

A

move the O2 poor blood away from the heart toward the right and left lungs.

45
Q

Blood flow through the heart

- From the lungs - (L side) -

A
  1. O2 rich blood from the (L) and (R) lungs is then sent back to the heart through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
  2. the contraction of the left atrium forces the blood into the left ventricle
  3. the contraction of the left ventricle forces the blood into the aorta.
46
Q

which chamber is the most muscular in the heart?

A

Left ventricle

47
Q

Aorta

A

the largest artery in the body and through its many branches, directs O2 rich blood to the entire body

48
Q

tell the heart anatomy from a picture

A

adsf

49
Q

does the Blood move through one chamber while the other chambers lay empty waiting for their turn to move the blood
on?

A

no

- instead, the two sides of the heart fill at the same time and act together like parallel pumps

50
Q

once the heart it filled with blood…

atria..
ventricle

A
  • both atria contract at the same time

- followed by the simultaneous contraction of both ventricles

51
Q

what are the ventricles do before they contract?

What is the relaxation part of the heart beat cycle?

A
  • they are relaxed and the valves between the atria and the ventricles are open. This allows blood to flow in and fill in the ventricle chambers.
  • Diastole
52
Q

Ventricle relaxed causes…

A
  • the valves between the atria and the ventricles are open. This allows blood to flow in and fill in the ventricle chambers
53
Q

Diastole

A

the phase of the heart’s cycle where a chamber of the heart, either an atrium or a ventricle, relaxes and fills with blood

54
Q

Two-step contraction

  • these 2 part contraction of the heart cycle is called
A
  1. the first step, atria contract together to push the blood down into the ventricles
  2. in second step, both ventricles contract to force the blood out of the heart
  • Systole
55
Q

heart beat in a summary

A

One complete contraction (systole) and one complete relaxation (diastole) “combine” to make a heartbeat

56
Q

The “lub-dub” heart sound that a doctor listens for through a stethoscope is due to …

A

the heart valves functioning during diastole and systole.

57
Q

what valve closes that makes the sound “lub”?

- is “lub” made during systole and diastole

A
  • AV valves closed

- systole

58
Q

what valve closes that makes the sound “dub”?

- is “dub” made during systole and diastole

A
  • semilunar valves

- diastole

59
Q

Heart murmur are usually due to..

A
  • abnormal functioning of a heart valve
  • a valve may…
  • not be closing tightly
  • too narrow or too stiff
60
Q

heart murmur results “from”…

A

the turbulent flow of blood throughout the heart

61
Q

are heart murmurs fatal ?

A

NO, most are not associated with heart disease or abnormalities. Most innocent murmurs the children have will usually disappear by the time they become adults

62
Q

what is the pump that drives the circulatory system?

A

the heart

63
Q

what does the output of blood depends on?

A

how many times the heart contracts and how much blood it moves with each contraction

64
Q

“lub-dub” detailed explination

A

The atria contract simultaneously, followed by the simultaneous contraction of the two ventricles. This two-part contraction creates a “lub-dub” sound due to the functioning of the heart’s valves

65
Q

heart rate is affected by…

A
  • emotion
  • temperature,
  • exercise fitness level, - sleep
  • hormones,
  • chemicals
  • drugs
  • alcohol
66
Q

what is the key indicator cardiovascular fitness?

A

Heart rate is a key indicator of cardiovascular fitness

Science BIO (4 decks)

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