1.1 Systems Architecture Flashcards
What does the CPU do?
- Executes instructions
- Searching
- Sorting
- Calculating
- Logics
What are the main components of a CPU?
- Input
- Output
- Memory
- Arithmetic Logic Unit
- Control Unit
- Accumulator
- Registers
What is the definition of an embedded system?
- A computer built within a larger architecture for a specific purpose
What are three examples of embedded systems?
- Washing machines
- Microwaves
- Calculators
What is Vonn Neumann architecture?
- A computer in which both data and program can be stored together
What is OpCode?
- Abbreviation of operation code
- The actual instruction
( STA, LDA, etc )
What is OpAnd?
- Numerical, text and Boolean values for decisions
What does F-D-E stand for?
- Fetch, decode, execute
Explain the process of the F-D-E cycle :
- Program counter holds address of the next instruction to be executed
- Memory address register holds the location of the instruction of the program counter
- Memory data register copies contents of the memory address register and carries it out.
- Current instruction register copies the data register, ending the fetch cycle.
What are the properties of the accumulator?
- Holds the result of the instruction before transferred to memory
What are the properties of the program counter?
- Holds address of the next instruction to be executed
- Increments by one
What are the properties of the MAR?
- Holds the location of the instruction of the program counter
- Memory address register
What does the CU do?
- Control Unit
- Controls memory
- Controls ALU
- Controls input / output
What are the properties of the MDR?
- Copies contents of the memory address register and carries it out, as well as the instructions
- Memory data register
What are the three factors that effect the CPU’s performance?
- Core numbers
- Clock speed
- Cache size
What is the definition of ‘core numbers’?
- The numbers of processing units
- x(yGHz)
What is the definition of ‘clock speed’?
- The amount of instructions carried out per second (Hz)
- Note : GHz = One billion hertz
What is the definition of ‘cache’?
- Memory of the CPU
- Holding frequently used instructions
- Faster than RAM but slower than registers
What does the LMC command LDA mean?
- Load
What does the LMC command HLT mean?
- Halt
What does the LMC command STA mean?
- Store
What does the LMC command DAT mean?
- Declaring variables
