1.1 Structure and function of the skeletal system

Question 1

Name 19 bones in the body

Answer 1

Cranium
Vertebrae 
Ribs
Sternum 
Ulna
Clavicle
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals 
Phalanges
Pelvis (ilium)
Femur 
Patella
Tibia
Fibula 
Tarsals
Metatarsals

Question 2

Name 5 functions of the skeleton

Answer 2

To give shape and support to the body
To allow movement of the body
To give protection to the internal organs
To produce blood 
To store minerals

Question 3

Explain shape and support and use a sporting example

Answer 3

Gives body posture
Enables us to stand
Bones are held together by ligaments
Give structural framework so muscles can attach via tendons
A gymnast who maintains a controlled shape with straight legs and piinted toes in a handstand

Question 4

Explain movement of the body and give an example

Answer 4

Provides areas/sites for muscle attachment
Provides a sytem of levers that enable movement
A squash player being able to play a forehand drive

Question 5

Explain protection of internal organs and give an example

Answer 5

Heart protected by ribs
Brain protected by cranium
Spinal cord protected by vertebral collumn
Amateur boxer’s ribs protect their lungs when receiving a blow to the chest

Question 6

Explain blood production and give an example

Answer 6

Red bone marrow creates red blood cells
Red blood cells carry oxygen
Wheelchair basketball player relies on high levels of oxygen being delivered to their arms via red blood cells to keep the wheelchair moving

Question 7

Explian storage of minerlas and give an example

Answer 7

Such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium and iron
Iron helps to transport oxygen to working muscles
Calcium is needed to build and repair bones
Rugby player who relies on good bone strength to be able to tackle effectivelyand reduce chances of injury to bones e.g. fracture

Question 8

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 8

A freely moveable joint in which the bones’ surfaces are covered by cartilage (where 2 or more bones meet)

Question 9

Name 4 parts of a synovial joint

Answer 9

Ligament
Articular cartilage
Synovial membrane
Capsular ligament

Question 10

Name 2 types of joints

Answer 10

Hinge joint

Ball and socket joint

Question 11

Explain what a hinge joint is and give an example

Answer 11

Allows movement in one plane only
Knee and elbow
Sprinting uses the knee joint
Elbow joint bicep curl

Question 12

What are the articulating bones of the elbow joint?

Answer 12

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

Question 13

What are the articulating bones of the knee joint?

Answer 13

Femur

Tibia

Question 14

Explain what a ball and socket joint is and give an example

Answer 14

Allows a wide range of movemnt ocvurs when a round head of bone fits into a cup-shaped depression
Shoulder joint- athelte throwing a javelin
Hip joint- performing a sit-up

Question 15

What are the articulating bones of the hip joint?

Answer 15

Pelvis

Femur

Question 16

What are the articulating bones of the shoulder joint?

Answer 16

Humerus

Scapula

Question 17

Movements at hinge joints and examples

Answer 17

Flexion (bending)
Knee-bending leg at knee when preparing to make a pass in football
Elbow-badminton players prepares to hit an overhead clear

Extension (straightening)
Knee-basketball player drives up to the basket from bent legs to straight legs
Elbow-when making a basketball set shot (bent arm moves to anstraught arm as you release the ball and extension occurs in arms)