11 Social structure and demographics

Question 1

Define the following theoretical approaches that provide frameworks for the interactions we observe within society

Functionalism

Conflict theory:

symbolic interactionism:

Social constructionism:

Rational choice theory:

Feminist theory:

Answer 1

Functionalism: Function of each component of society and how they fit together. Manifest functions are deliberate actions that serve to help a given system. Latent functions are unexpected, or unrecognized positive consequences of manifest functions.

Conflict theory: Power differentials and how they maintain social order.

symbolic interactionism: Study of how individuals interact through shared understanding of language/gestures

Social constructionism: Individuals and groups make decisions to agree upon a given social reality

Rational choice theory:individuals will make decisions that maximize potential benefit and minimize potential harm (exchange theory applies rational choice theory within social groups)

Feminist theory: Explores ways in which gender can be subordinated, minimized, or devalued compared to the other.

Question 2

What is cultural lag?

Answer 2

The idea that material culture (physical items associated with culture) changes more quickly than symbolic culture (ideas associated with cultural group).

For example, America shows cultural lag by still upholding ideals of the American dream and individualism despite big changes in clothing style, architectural styles, food etc.

Question 3

True or false? Culture flows from evolutionary principles, and culture can influence evolution.

Answer 3

There is evidence to support this.