1.1 Self Report

Question 1

Advantages of Questionnaires

Answer 1

• Can be easily repeated so data can be collected from large numbers of people cheap and quick
• respondents may be more willing to reveal personal/confidential information

Question 2

Disadvantages of Questionnaires

Answer 2

• Response bias

- data is limited as only questions will be answered (no extra or leading questions)

Question 3

Advantages of Closed Questions

Answer 3

Easy to analyse data because it is quantitative which makes it easier to draw conclusions

Question 4

Disadvantages of closed questions

Answer 4

People may not express their precise feelings and tends not to uncover new insights (low in validity)

Question 5

Advantages of open questions

Answer 5

Provides a rich detail as people are given free range to express themselves rather than being restricted by preconceived categories (increased validity)

Question 6

Disadvantages of open questions

Answer 6

More difficult to detect patterns and draw conclusions because of the wide range of answers

Question 7

Advantages of rating scales

Answer 7

• Objective way to represent feelings and attitudes

- produces quantitated data which is easy to analyse and represent in graphs

Question 8

Disadvantages of rating scales

Answer 8

Respondents may avoid ends of the scales and go to the middle making the answers not represent true feelings (lack of validity)

Question 9

Advantages of structured interview

Answer 9

• Can be easily repeated

- Easier to analyse as answers are more predictable

Question 10

Disadvantages of structured interview

Answer 10

-interviewers expectations may influence the answers given (interviewer bias)

Question 11

Advantages of unstructured interview

Answer 11

• More detailed information can be obtained because the questions are specifically shaped to the participant
• Access information that may not be revealed by predetermined questions

Question 12

Disadvantages of unstructured interview

Answer 12

• Interviewer is developing questions on the spot so may be interviewer bias
• requires well trained interviewers (expensive)

Question 13

Likert rating scales

Answer 13

Allow people to indicate how much they agree or disagree

Question 14

Advantages of Likert Rating Scales

Answer 14

Ideal for measuring attitudes
Quantitative data, easier to analyse statistically
Reliable measure

Question 15

Disadvantages of Likert Rating Scales

Answer 15

Participant tend to respond to the middle of the scale (social desirability bias)
Lacks in depth detail
Can be repetitious

Question 16

Semantic differential rating scales

Answer 16

Measures people’s attitude towards something (using popular opposites), p’s measure where they fall on the given category

Question 17

Obtaining data for correlational analysis

Answer 17

Primary Data- researcher has directly found participants to get results from e.g observations, experiments, self reports data is found first hand
Secondary Data- researchers gather data from pre-existing sources, not directly testing the participant