1.1 Review of Python Basics

Question 1

What is Python?

Answer 1

a popular programming language.

Question 2

What is Python?

Answer 2

It was created in 1991 by Guido van Rossum.

Question 3

Python is used for:

Answer 3

• web development (server-side),
• software development,
• mathematics,
• system scripting.

Question 4

What can Python do?

Answer 4

*can be used on a server to create web applications.

*can be used alongside software to create workflows.

*can connect to database systems. It can also read and modify files.

*can be used to handle big data and perform complex mathematics.

*can be used for rapid prototyping, or for production-ready software development.

Question 5

Why Python?

Answer 5

*Python works on different platforms (Windows, Mac, Linux, Raspberry Pi, etc).

*Python has a simple syntax similar to the English language.

*Python has syntax that allows developers to write programs with fewer lines than some other programming languages.

*Python runs on an interpreter system, meaning that code can be executed as soon as it is written. This means that prototyping can be very quick.

*Python can be treated in a procedural way, an object-orientated way or a functional way.

Question 6

Whenever you are done in the python command line, you can simply type _____ to quit the python command line.

Answer 6

exit()

Question 7

*very important

*indicate a block of code.

Answer 7

Python Indentations

Question 8

Python will give you an error if you skip the ________:

Answer 8

indentation

Question 9

Python has _________ capability for the purpose of in-code documentation.

Answer 9

commenting

Question 10

________ start with a #, and Python will render the rest of the line as a comment

Answer 10

Comments

Question 11

Python also has extended documentation capability, called _________.

Answer 11

docstrings

Question 12

can be one line, or multiline

Answer 12

Docstrings

Question 13

Python uses ______ ______ at the beginning and end of the docstring

Answer 13

triple quotes

Question 14

Unlike other programming languages, Python has no command for declaring a variable.

Answer 14

Creating Variables

Question 15

*A ________ is created the moment you first assign a value to it.

Answer 15

variable

Question 16

_________ do not need to be declared with any particular type and can even change type after they have been set.

Answer 16

Variables

Question 17

Rules for Python variables:

Answer 17

*A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character

*A variable name cannot start with a number

*A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _ )

*Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different variables)

Question 18

Three numeric types in Python:

Answer 18

• int
• float
• complex

Question 19

To verify the type of any object in Python, use the _____ function

Answer 19

type()

Question 20

is a whole number, positive or negative, without decimals, of unlimited length.

Answer 20

int or integer

Question 21

is a number, positive or negative, containing one or more decimals.

Answer 21

float

Question 22

Float can also be scientific numbers with an “__” to indicate the power of 10.

Answer 22

e

Question 23

_________ numbers are written with a “j” as the imaginary part

Answer 23

complex

Question 24

Specify a Variable Type

Answer 24

*There may be times when you want to specify a type on to a variable.

*This can be done with casting.

*Python is an object-orientated language, and as such it uses classes to define data types, including its primitive types.

Question 25

Fixed values such as numbers, letters, and strings are called "______" - because their value does not change

Answer 25

constants

Question 26

_______ constants are as you expect

Answer 26

Numeric

Question 27

_______ constants use single-quotes (') or double-quotes(")

Answer 27

String

Question 28

A _______is a named place in the memory where a programmer can store data and later retrieve the data using the variable “name”

Answer 28

variable

Question 29

You can not use ________ words as variable names / identifiers

Answer 29

reserved

Question 30

We assign a value to a variable using the _________ __________

Answer 30

assignment statement (=)

Question 31

consists of an expression on the right hand side and a variable to store the result

Answer 31

assignment statement (=)

Question 32

//

Answer 32

integer division

Question 33

**

Answer 33

Power

Question 34

%

Answer 34

Remainder

Question 35

Operator Precedence Rules

Answer 35

Highest precedence rule to lowest precedence rule - Parenthesis are always respected - Exponentiation (raise to a power) - Multiplication, Division, and Remainder - Addition and Subtraction - Left to right

Question 36

When you perform an operation where one operand is an integer and the other operand is a floating point the result is a _________

Answer 36

floating point

Question 37

used to output variables

Answer 37

print() statement

Question 38

To combine both text and a variable, Python uses the __ character:

Answer 38

+

Question 39

For numbers, the + character works as a _________ _________:

Answer 39

mathematical operator

Question 40

We can instruct Python to pause and read data from the user using the ______ function

Answer 40

input

Question 41

The input function returns a ______

Answer 41

string

Question 42

three basic types of control structures:

Answer 42

- sequential - selection - repetition

Question 43

default mode. ________ execution of code statements (one line after another) -- like following a recipe

Answer 43

Sequential

Question 44

used for decisions, branching -- choosing between 2 or more alternative paths.

Answer 44

Selection

Question 45

In Python, these are the types of selection statements:

Answer 45

if if-else if-elif-else

Question 46

used for looping, i.e. repeating a piece of code multiple times in a row.

Answer 46

Repetition

Question 47

Recall that Python has a type called boolean, which can take two possible values, ____ and _____

Answer 47

True, False

Question 48

An expression that evaluates to a true/false value is called a ________ ___________

Answer 48

Boolean expression

Question 49

The __ statement contains a logical expression using which data is compared and a decision is made based on the result of the comparison.

Answer 49

if

Question 50

An ____ _________ can be combined with an if statement.

Answer 50

else statement

Question 51

An ____ statement contains the block of code that executes if the conditional expression in the if statement resolves to 0 or a FALSE value.

Answer 51

else

Question 52

The ____ _________ allows you to check multiple expressions for TRUE and execute a block of code as soon as one of the conditions evaluates to TRUE.

Answer 52

elif statement

Question 53

You can use one if or else if statement inside another if or else if statement(s).

Answer 53

nested if statement

Question 54

Python has two primitive loop commands:

Answer 54

- while loop - for loop

Question 55

Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is TRUE. It tests the condition before executing the loop body.

Answer 55

while loop

Question 56

A loop becomes ______ loop if a condition never becomes FALSE.

Answer 56

infinite

Question 57

If the else statement is used with a ___ loop, the else statement is executed when the loop has exhausted iterating the list.

Answer 57

for

Question 58

If the else statement is used with a ____ loop, the else statement is executed when the condition becomes false.

Answer 58

while

Question 59

Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the code that manages the loop variable.

Answer 59

for loop

Question 60

It has the ability to iterate over the items of any sequence, such as a list or a string.

Answer 60

for loop

Question 61

Python programming language allows to use one loop inside another loop.

Answer 61

Nested loop

Question 62

is a block of organized, reusable code that is used to perform a single, related action.

Answer 62

function

Question 63

provide better modularity for your application and a high degree of code reusing.

Answer 63

function

Question 64

Python gives you many built-in functions like print(), etc. but you can also create your own functions. These functions are called ___________ ________

Answer 64

user-defined functions

Question 65

Function blocks begin with the keyword ___ followed by the function name and parentheses ( ( )

Answer 65

def

Question 66

The first statement of a function can be an optional statement

Answer 66

documentation string of the function or docstring

Question 67

The statement _______ [expression] exits a function, optionally passing back an expression to the caller.

Answer 67

return

Question 68

types of formal arguments:

Answer 68

- Required arguments - Keyword arguments - Default arguments - Variable-length arguments

Question 69

the arguments passed to a function in correct positional order.

Answer 69

required arguments

Question 70

_______ __________are related to the function calls. When you use _______ arguments in a function call, the caller identifies the arguments by the parameter name.

Answer 70

Keyword arguments, Keyword

Question 71

is an argument that assumes a default value if a value is not provided in the function call for that argument.

Answer 71

Default arguments

Question 72

You may need to process a function for more arguments than you specified while defining the function. are not named in the function definition, unlike required and default arguments.

Answer 72

Variable-length arguments

Question 73

These functions are called _________ _________ because they are not declared in the standard manner by using the def keyword.

Answer 73

Anonymous Functions

Question 74

______ keywoard to create small anonymous functions.

Answer 74

lambda

Question 75

can take any number of arguments but return just one value in the form of an expression. They cannot contain commands or multiple expressions.

Answer 75

Lambda forms

Question 76

cannot be a direct call to print because lambda requires an expression

Answer 76

anonymous function

Question 77

have their own local namespace and cannot access variables other than those in their parameter list and those in the global namespace.

Answer 77

Lambda functions

Question 78

two basic scopes of variables in Python

Answer 78

- Global variables - Local variables

Question 79

can be accessed only inside the function in which they are declared

Answer 79

local variables

Question 80

can be accessed throughout the program body by all functions

Answer 80

global variables