1.1 Research Methods And Techniques

Question 1

What are Research methods?

Answer 1

Ways to carry out scientific investigations.

Question 2

What are the 4 types of research methods?

Answer 2

Experiment, observation, self-report and correlation.

Question 3

What takes place in the experimental research method?

Answer 3

Participants are allocated into groups and the IV is manipulated (cause) to see the effect on the DV, by measuring it.

Question 4

How many conditions are there for the IV in the experimental method? Why?

Answer 4

At least 2 conditions. In order to measure its impact on the DV. (To establish a cause and effect.)

Question 5

It is only a ____ experiment if the IV has been ___________ otherwise the study is a correlation.
Fill in the gaps.

Answer 5

true , manipulated.

Question 6

The DV must be __________ for an experiment to be valid.

Fill in the gap.

Answer 6

Measurable.

Question 7

What are the 3 types of experiments?

Answer 7

Laboratory, field and quasi.

Question 8

How/where are laboratory experiments carried out?

Answer 8

They are conducted in a well controlled, artificial environment.

Question 9

How/where are field experiments carried out?

Answer 9

They are conducted in a real life environment.

Question 10

In what experiments can the IV NOT be manipulated in and why?

Answer 10

Quasi experiments because the IVs used are naturally occurring ones, meaning they cannot be changed.

Question 11

Give 3 examples of naturally occurring variables.

Answer 11

Age, gender and IQ.

Question 12

Give 2 advantages of laboratory experiments.

Answer 12

1. High degree of control allowing the experiment to establish that the IV may have actually caused an effect on the DV.
2. This can also allow the experiment to be exactly replicated which helps when investigating the consistency of the effects.

Question 13

Give 2 disadvantages of laboratory experiments.

Answer 13

1. The artificial setting can cause participants to act more differently than usual. This makes the results of the investigation less generalisable to real-life.
2. The way the variables are operationalised gives hints to the aim of the experiment, which could lead to demand effects in the participants.

Question 14

Give 2 advantages of field experiments.

Answer 14

1. Conducted in a real life setting so the results of the investigation can be generalisable to real - life.
2. This could also lead to a reduction in demand effects since the lack of control in the environment doesn’t give any hints to the aim of the experiment.

Question 15

Give 2 disadvantages of field experiments.

Answer 15

1. A lack of control over the environment can cause environmental factors to influence the results.
2. It can raise ethical concerns since this experiment often uses people who unaware of the study and are in the setting at the time.

Question 16

Give 2 advantages of quasi experiments.

Answer 16

1. studies that investigate natural differences between individuals without needing to manipulate them can be considered as ethical.
2. Controls extraneous variables by controlling the environment. IV more likely to influence the DV.

Question 17

Give 2 disadvantages of quasi experiments.

Answer 17

1. Some experiments can be seen as unethical for example inducing a mental illness onto someone who was originally healthy.
2. IVs are based off of natural differences, so the participants with these differences that will be focused on in the study are not randomly picked, which can lead to biased results.

Question 18

What is it called when clues about the aim of the study in an experiment causes participants to act differently ?

Answer 18

Demand effects.