1.1 Relational Model

Question 1

What are the three parts of a database model?

Answer 1

1. Data structures that prescribe how data is organized.
2. Operations that manipulate data structures.
3. Rules that govern valid data.

Question 2

What is SQL?

Answer 2

SQL is the universal query language of relational databases, standardizing data structure, operations, and rules.

Question 3

What is big data?

Answer 3

Big data refers to the unprecedented data volumes and rapidly changing data structures generated by the rise of the internet in the 1990s.

Question 4

What is a set?

Answer 4

A set is an unordered collection of elements enclosed in braces. {}

Question 5

What is a tuple?

Answer 5

A tuple is an ordered collection of elements enclosed in parentheses. ()

Question 6

What defines a table in a database?

Answer 6

A table has a name, a fixed tuple of columns, and a varying set of rows.

Question 7

What is a data type?

Answer 7

A data type is a named set of values from which column values are drawn.

Question 8

What is relational algebra?

Answer 8

Relational algebra consists of operations that are the theoretical foundation of the SQL language.

Question 9

What are relational rules?

Answer 9

Relational rules are part of the relational model and govern data in every relational database.

Question 10

What are business rules?

Answer 10

Business rules are based on business policy and specific to a particular database.

Question 11

What are constraints in a relational database?

Answer 11

relational rules implemented as SQL constraints and enforced by the database system.

Question 12

Framework

Answer 12

a structured set of tools, guidelines, and components that developers use to build applications efficiently. It provides a foundation and standard practices that simplify complex tasks and promote consistency in code. By using frameworks, developers can focus on building the specific features of their application without having to reinvent common functionalities.

Frameworks serve as a reusable platform with pre-written code libraries and guidelines that provide a scaffold for applications, making development faster and more standardized. They typically cover particular aspects of programming, such as front-end (e.g., React, Angular) or back-end (e.g., Django, Spring). Frameworks enforce architectural patterns, like MVC (Model-View-Controller), which separates concerns in code, enhancing scalability, testability, and maintenance. This setup accelerates development by providing optimized solutions for common tasks, such as database access, user authentication, and routing.
Ex: using Legos to build a house vs needing to build each brick first to build a house