1.1 Particulate Nature of Matter Flashcards
Elements
substances made out of one type of atom
Compounds
substances with two or more substances chemically combined
Mixtures
substances made of two or more substances physically combined
Chemical properties are retained in mixtures.
true
Chemical properties are retained in compounds.
false
Homogenous
mixture with uniform composition and properties throughout
Heterogenous
mixture with non-uniform composition and properties throughout
Air; hetero/homogenous
homogenous
Concrete; hetero/homogenous
heterogenous
Separate air; property that allows it
fractional Distillation; different b.p.s
Separate salt-sand mixture; property that allows it
filtration; solubility in water
Separate iron-sulfur mixture; property that allows it
magnet; magnetism
Recrystallisation purpose and method
separate impure solids; add hot solvent and filter
Simple distillation purpose and method
separate liquid and soluble solid; heat the solution and use a condenser to condense and collect liquid
Fractional distillation purpose and method
separate two liquids (diff b.p.s); heat carefully using electric heater, then liquid with lower boiling point will be condensed and collected
Paper chromatography purpose and method
to separate different solubilities in a given solvent; add sample on a pencil line with preferred solvent in a beaker, over time the constituents move up the paper and the more soluble sample move farther
Solids properties
fixed volume; and shape; atoms vibrate in fixed positions; low energy
Liquids properties
fixed volume; no fixed shape; atoms slide over each other; greater energy
Gas properties
no fixed volume; or shape; atoms move randomly; highest energy
Solid to liquid; liquid to solid
melting; freezing
Liquid to gas; gas to liquid
boiling/evaporation/vaporisation; condensation
Difference between boiling and evaporation
evaporation occurs on a range of temperatures; boiling occurs at b.p. Evaporation occurs at the surface of a liquid; boiling occurs throughout
Solid to gas; gas to solid
sublimation; deposition
What is the energy being used for in the slope parts of a heating/cooling curve?
change in temperature
What is the energy being used for in the flat parts of a heating/cooling curve?
change in state
°C to K
+273.15
0K and properties
absolute zero; particles have zero kinetic energy
Effect of heating on liquid particles
vibrate more and move faster
What happens to the temperature of water when it changes from solid to liquid or liquid to gas?
no temperature change
Where is energy used when changing states?
In melting, energy is used to break the solid lattice; in vaporisation, it is used to overcome intermolecular forces
S.I. unit of temperature
Kelvin (K)
B.P. of water in kelvin (normal pressure)
373.15K
Example of a substance undergoing sublimation
Dry ice (solid CO2)
