1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE WORLD’S MAJOR LANDFORMS Flashcards
_______________ are physical features on the Earth’s surface that form terrain of an area.
Landforms
________________, _________________ and __________________ are the three major types of landforms.
Mountains, plateaus, and plains
Minor landforms include ____________, _______________, _______________ and _____________.
Hills, gorges, valleys, and basins.
______________________ and ___________________ (internal processes) in the Earth’s interior can create landforms by pushing up mountains and hills.
Tectonic plate movement and volcanic activities
Erosion by water and wind (external processes) can erode land and create minor landforms like ______________, _____________ and ________________.
Gullies, river valleys, and gorges.
T/F
Internal and external processes happen over a short period of time.
False, sometimes it can even take millions of years.
It took a very long period to cut the deep Abbay Gorge between the towns of ________________ in ________________, _________________ and ________________ in __________________, _________________.
Goha Tsion in North Shewa, Oromia and Dejen in East Gojam, Amhara National Regional State.
The Abbay Gorge thus cuts down about __________m deep between the two towns
1000 m
T/F
The major landforms (mountains, plateaus and plains) are scarcely distributed on the earth’s surface.
False
The surface of the Earth is covered by __________ and __________.
Land and water
The landforms make up _____________ and the water forms ____________.
Continents, Oceans
T/F
Islands are the largest landmasses
in the world.
False, it’s continents
The Earth is divided into seven continents, from largest to smallest are:
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Oceania (Australia)
___________ are large areas of salt water between the continents.
Oceans
T/F
All the oceans are connected, making them one big ocean with no division.
False, they are separated by their location and the way the water in them moves.
List the five oceans in the world.
The Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Southern Ocean.
T/F
The oceans together cover small areas of the Earth.
False
Oceans cover __________ percent of the Earth.
71%
The _____________ is both the largest and the deepest ocean, which covers __________ of the Earth’s surface.
Pacific Ocean, one-third
Oceans are important factors for creating or forming coastal land features such as ____________, ____________ and ____________.
Islands, peninsulas, isthmuses.
_____________ is a piece of ground that is completely surrounded by water.
An island
T/F
Islands can only be small in any part of the world.
False
The largest island in the world is _____________.
Greenland
______________ is bigger than Greenland but it is so big that it is called a continent instead of an island.
Australia
A ______________ is a piece of land that has water on three sides, but it is connected on the fourth side to the mainland.
Peninsula
The two well-known peninsulas are ______________ and _______________.
Italy and Florida
______________ is a narrow strip of land with water on both sides connecting two larger pieces of land.
An isthmus
A well-known example is the __________________ that connects North America to South America.
Isthmus of Panama
__________________ are the largest elevated and most recognizable landforms on the Earth’s surface.
Mountains
Around mountains, we may find smaller, less steep landforms called ___________.
Hills
__________________ are usually formed when rock layers are pushed together from opposite sides.
Mountains
The low areas between mountains are called ____________.
Valleys
T/F
Mountains are only formed by tectonic activity.
False, they can also be formed by volcanic activity.
T/F
Mountains are the only landforms that can be formed by volcanoes.
False
The highest landform on Earth is _________________.
Mt. Everest
Mt. Everest is a peak in the ________________ Mountain range.
Himalaya’s
Mt. Everest is located between _________ and ________ .
Nepal and Tibet
Mt. Everest. measures _ meters above sea level.
8,849
It is part of the _ range that runs across several countries in South and Southeast Asia
Himalaya Mountain
Mt. Everest. runs across several countries in South and Southeast Asia such as: 6
India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China, and Afghanistan.
The mountain range extends _ to _ kms in width and _ kms in length
320 to 400, 1500
The Himalayas were formed about 40 to 50 million years ago when the _ plates collided with the _ plate.
Indian tectonic, Eurasian
Indian tectonic plate and the Eurasian plates are _ and have the same density.
continental crust
When the two plates (Indian tectonic plate and the Eurasian plates) collide,
pushing upwards at their edges formed the _.
Himalayan Mountains
Landforms can also exist under oceans in the form of _ and _.
mountain ranges and basins
The _, the deepest landform on Earth, is in the _.
Mariana Trench, South Pacific Ocean
_ are large areas of flat low land with
no hills or mountains in them.
Plains
_ in the mid United States is a good example of a large plain.
The Great Plains
Plains are very important areas for _ and_.
Crop cultivation and animal husbandry (ranch)
_ are large areas of raised land that are flat on top.
Plateaus
Plateaus may be formed by
_ beneath the earth’s surface.
volcanic activity
Sometimes the pressure of the magma beneath is not strong enough to break through the crust and create a volcano, hence,
instead, the land is pushed upwards, creating _.
Plateaus
T/F
Plateaus are always close to other plateaus.
False, they may stand all by themselves in otherwise
flat land or may sometimes be close to other plateaus.
