11- Nutrition

Question 1

Enteral and pareneteral feeding

Answer 1

Enteral feeding: This relies on delivery of a nutritious fluid past the upper GI tract and into the stomach/small intestine.

Pareneteral feeding: This involves bypassing the GI tract althtogether via delivery of nutrients into the blood.

Question 2

What is short bowel syndrome

Answer 2

Less than 1m of functional intestinal tract

Question 3

Consequences of losing SI and LI

Answer 3

Loss of small intestine tissue interrupts the usually efficient control of gut function via hormones and the enteric nervous system, and loss of large intestine tissue is associated with increased risk of infection.

Question 4

3 ways of managing short bowel syndrome

Answer 4

To provide adequate nutrition for patients
To ensure adequate water and electrolytes to maintain homeostasis
Correction and prevention of acid base imbalance

Question 5

Physical effects of alcohol

Answer 5

CNS – Wernickes encephalopathy, Cerebral atrophy, Cerebellar syndrome, Optic Atrophy, Peripheral neuropathy

CVS – Hypertension, Alcoholic cardiomyopathy, Stroke
GIT – Oesophagitis, Gastritis, Oesophageal and Gastric cancer, Pancreatitis, Pancreatic cancer, Alcoholic Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Liver Cancer
GUT – Glomerulonephritis, Renal failure
LMS – Gout, Fractures, Myopathies,
Endocrine & Reproduction – Pseudocushings, Impotence, Subfertility, Breast Cancer, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome